Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of TENS in pain management?
What is the primary function of TENS in pain management?
Low TENS frequency is associated with high intensity levels.
Low TENS frequency is associated with high intensity levels.
False
What precautions should be taken when using TENS on individuals with heart disease?
What precautions should be taken when using TENS on individuals with heart disease?
Do not use TENS on individuals with heart disease.
TENS is used to introduce a new sensation that travels faster than _____ signals.
TENS is used to introduce a new sensation that travels faster than _____ signals.
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Match the following TENS levels with their characteristics:
Match the following TENS levels with their characteristics:
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What should be done before performing TENS therapy?
What should be done before performing TENS therapy?
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Low TENS can help to create a body response that releases pain.
Low TENS can help to create a body response that releases pain.
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Patients with _____ should not use TENS due to potential complications.
Patients with _____ should not use TENS due to potential complications.
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What is one physiological effect of TENS therapy?
What is one physiological effect of TENS therapy?
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TENS therapy is contraindicated for individuals with cardiac disease.
TENS therapy is contraindicated for individuals with cardiac disease.
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What does TENS stand for?
What does TENS stand for?
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The application of heat can help to decrease __________ and promote relaxation.
The application of heat can help to decrease __________ and promote relaxation.
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Match the following contraindications with their descriptions:
Match the following contraindications with their descriptions:
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Which of these methods can inhibit acute inflammation?
Which of these methods can inhibit acute inflammation?
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Hydrotherapy techniques can include the use of both heat and cold applications.
Hydrotherapy techniques can include the use of both heat and cold applications.
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What is one key principle to apply when using hot and cold treatments?
What is one key principle to apply when using hot and cold treatments?
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The __________ technique of stretching is used to increase muscle flexibility.
The __________ technique of stretching is used to increase muscle flexibility.
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Which of the following is a precaution when using cold therapy?
Which of the following is a precaution when using cold therapy?
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Mechanical effects of TENS therapy include increased neurophysiological relaxation.
Mechanical effects of TENS therapy include increased neurophysiological relaxation.
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Name one effect of hydrotherapy.
Name one effect of hydrotherapy.
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The __________ effects of TENS therapy involve pain relief and muscle contraction stimulation.
The __________ effects of TENS therapy involve pain relief and muscle contraction stimulation.
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Match the following treatments with their corresponding physiological effects:
Match the following treatments with their corresponding physiological effects:
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom that may benefit from hydrotherapy?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom that may benefit from hydrotherapy?
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What is one physiological effect of heat application?
What is one physiological effect of heat application?
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Heat application completely eliminates pain and stiffness permanently.
Heat application completely eliminates pain and stiffness permanently.
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What is the primary effect of cold application on swelling?
What is the primary effect of cold application on swelling?
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Heat application can promote healing by increasing _____ to the affected area.
Heat application can promote healing by increasing _____ to the affected area.
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Match the treatment with its physiological effect.
Match the treatment with its physiological effect.
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Which of the following is a contraindication for heat application?
Which of the following is a contraindication for heat application?
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Cold application can improve the range of motion (ROM) of a joint.
Cold application can improve the range of motion (ROM) of a joint.
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What physiological structure is affected by muscle spasms?
What physiological structure is affected by muscle spasms?
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The principle of _____ states the need to explain the procedure and its benefits before treatment.
The principle of _____ states the need to explain the procedure and its benefits before treatment.
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What is an expected neurophysiological effect of heat application?
What is an expected neurophysiological effect of heat application?
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Vasodilation can help decrease stiffness in muscles and joints.
Vasodilation can help decrease stiffness in muscles and joints.
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Which technique promotes relaxation and aids with pain?
Which technique promotes relaxation and aids with pain?
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Cold application primarily works by _____ blood vessels.
Cold application primarily works by _____ blood vessels.
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Match the contraindications with their corresponding treatments.
Match the contraindications with their corresponding treatments.
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Which of the following benefits is provided by TENS therapy?
Which of the following benefits is provided by TENS therapy?
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Study Notes
Physiological Effects of Treatment
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Heat application: Relieves nociceptive information, increases blood flow (vasodilation), supplying more oxygen and nutrients, reducing pain and stiffness.
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Cold application: Reduces pain, swelling, and venous return. Vasoconstriction limits fluid in the area, improving range of motion (ROM).
Treatment Rationale and Effects
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Decrease muscle spasm, joint stiffness, edema, and pain: Increases tissue extensibility. Circulatory effects include vasodilation and healing promotion. Metabolic rate increases.
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Affected Structures: Muscles, joints, areas with pain, swelling, tenosynovitis, contractures, and hematomas.
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Principles of Application: Introduce, explain procedure and benefits, check area visually and assess hot/cold sensation, wrap hot pack (8 layers towel), leave 4-5 minutes, check for skin redness.
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Contraindications/Precautions: Decreased/absent sensation, demyelination, acute inflammation, bleeding disorders, hemorrhage, malignancy, communication difficulty, atrophic skin, ischemia, scar tissue, hypertension, pregnancy, multiple sclerosis, open wounds, infection, adrenal suppression/failure, systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Arteriosclerosis: Circulatory effects are addressed in the treatment. Affected structures are muscles and joints. Application principles and contraindications are mentioned but not fully detailed.
TENS Treatment
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Treatment rationale: Introduces a new faster sensation than pain signals, faster than pain nerve fibers.
- Physiological effects: Pain relief, high-intensity low-frequency high energy stimuli.
- Affected structures: Sensory receptors in treatment area.
- Principles of application: Introduction, procedure explanation, checking visually for contraindications.
- Contraindications: Pacemakers, heart disease, dysrhythmias, undiagnosed pain, epilepsy.
Hydrotherapy Stretching (static)
- Treatment rationale: Increase ROM. Prevent contractures. Decrease risk of injury. Increase muscle length by stretching the sarcomere.
- Physiological effects: A regular force over a long time increases the ability to tolerate discomfort.
- Affected structures: Muscles.
- Principles of application: Increase ROM (20 sec x 3 repetitions). 3-5 reps. per day for 5 days/week up to 6 months, depending on case.
- Contraindications/Precautions: Non-compliant patient, unable to give consent, acute pain with movement, inflammation/tissue trauma..
Active Assisted Exercises
- Treatment rationale: Exercises performed by patients with assistance from outside forces. Used if patients can't perform full ROM.
- Physiological effects: Maintain ROM, joint integrity, reduce pain, increase circulation, and proprioception, increase muscle activity, neuroplastic changes.
- Affected structures: Synovial joints, muscle, ligaments.
- Principles of application: Introduce, Explain the procedure and benefits, check the area visually and ask about contraindications, choose appropriate ways to assist (manual, or mechanical).
- Contraindications/Precautions: Early unstable fracture, intolerable pain, injury, incomplete muscle or ligament tear, compromised circulation, subluxed shoulder.
Strengthening/Maintenance
- Treatment rationale: Maintaining/strengthening muscle mass, increasing blood flow to muscle, to maintain ROM, prevent contractures, and decrease the risk of further injury.
- Physiological effects: Increase type II and type I muscle fiber size, improve movement efficiency, increase aerobic processes.
- Affected structures: Muscles and connective tissue.
- Principles of application: Introducing the procedure and benefits, checking the targeted area visually for contraindications. 2-6 reps of 6 repetitions for 5-6 days per week.
- Contraindications/Precaution: Inflammatory conditions of muscle/joints, pain, cardiovascular considerations, Valsalva, fatigue, overwork/overtraining, osteoporosis.
Neural Flushers
- Effects: Reduce mechano-sensitivity of neural tissue by improving its tolerance to mechanical forces. Improves nerve glide, and reduces swelling.
- Mechanism: Increased intra-neural fluid dispersion, increased neural vascularity.
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Description
Explore the physiological effects of heat and cold application in treatment. This quiz highlights how these modalities relieve pain, decrease muscle spasms, and promote healing while considering contraindications and precautions. Understand the principles of applying these treatments effectively.
