Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Geriatrics in relation to aging?
Which physiological change occurs in the cardiovascular system with aging?
What endocrine change is commonly observed as people age?
Which statement correctly describes the musculoskeletal changes in the elderly?
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What renal change is associated with aging?
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What could be a consequence of reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid in the gastrointestinal system?
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How does the nervous system change affect appetite regulation?
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What physiological change may result from damaged mitochondria in aging individuals?
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Which of the following is NOT typically associated with socio-psychological changes?
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What is a common effect of declining olfactory receptors on individuals?
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Study Notes
Old Age
- Defined as age 60 years and above, coinciding with retirement.
- Geriatric Nutrition focuses on the nutritional needs of the elderly.
- Aging impacts physical, psychological, and immune health, influencing nutritional status.
Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Geriatrics: Medical field focused on health issues in older adults, aiming to delay degenerative aging and manage age-related diseases.
- Gerontology: Encompasses the extensive study of aging, addressing psychological, social, economic, physiological, and medical challenges faced by the elderly.
Physiological Changes
Cardiovascular System
- Decreased blood vessel elasticity and blood volume.
- Increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure.
Endocrine System
- Lower levels of estrogen and testosterone.
- Decreased growth hormone secretion.
- Elevated cortisol levels leading to stress.
- Diminished glucose tolerance; reduced thyroid secretions.
- Impaired conversion of provitamin D to vitamin D.
Musculoskeletal System
- Loss of lean body mass (muscle, bone, water) and increase in fat mass.
- Decline in resting metabolic rate and overall strength.
Renal System
- Reduction in nephron count and glomerular filtration rate.
Respiratory System
- Decreased lung capacity and reduced endurance.
Gastrointestinal System
- Less saliva and mucus production; dental issues affecting mastication.
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and decreased digestive enzyme secretion.
- Slower gastrointestinal transit and inefficient absorption of vitamin B12.
Nervous System
- Impaired appetite and thirst regulation.
- Reduced smell and taste sensitivity due to fewer olfactory receptors and nerve conduction velocity.
- Altered sleep patterns, with shorter wake cycles.
Socio-Psychological Changes
- Changes in food habits and eating patterns.
- Economic challenges and possible financial instability.
- Increased feelings of loneliness and social isolation.
- Limited nutritional knowledge leading to poor dietary choices.
- Common mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
- Decline in self-esteem and feelings of loss of independence.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the physiological, psychological, and immunological changes that occur during old age. It also delves into the importance of geriatric nutrition and how food science plays a role in maintaining health during this stage. Designed for students in Food Science and Nutrition, this quiz will enhance your understanding of aging and nutrition.
