Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern regarding the viability of platelets during storage?
What is the primary concern regarding the viability of platelets during storage?
Which blood component is specifically indicated for increasing hemoglobin content without overloading the circulation?
Which blood component is specifically indicated for increasing hemoglobin content without overloading the circulation?
What is the most common reaction caused by blood transfusions?
What is the most common reaction caused by blood transfusions?
What treatment is advisable in case of a pyrogenic reaction during a transfusion?
What treatment is advisable in case of a pyrogenic reaction during a transfusion?
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What is a serious complication that can occur from transfusing ABO incompatible blood?
What is a serious complication that can occur from transfusing ABO incompatible blood?
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Which of the following conditions occurs due to excess citrate in a blood transfusion?
Which of the following conditions occurs due to excess citrate in a blood transfusion?
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What symptom might indicate a hemolytic reaction in a transfusion recipient?
What symptom might indicate a hemolytic reaction in a transfusion recipient?
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Which group of patients is most likely susceptible to allergic reactions during blood transfusions?
Which group of patients is most likely susceptible to allergic reactions during blood transfusions?
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What happens to the potassium content in stored blood components, and what condition can it lead to?
What happens to the potassium content in stored blood components, and what condition can it lead to?
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What is the intended increase in platelet count when administering platelet concentrates?
What is the intended increase in platelet count when administering platelet concentrates?
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List two symptoms associated with hemolytic reactions during blood transfusions.
List two symptoms associated with hemolytic reactions during blood transfusions.
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What type of reaction occurs due to minor bacterial contamination during transfusions?
What type of reaction occurs due to minor bacterial contamination during transfusions?
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What complication occurs due to the transfusion of ABO incompatible blood?
What complication occurs due to the transfusion of ABO incompatible blood?
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What are the potential effects of citrate intoxication during blood transfusions?
What are the potential effects of citrate intoxication during blood transfusions?
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How does the viability of red blood cells change over time during storage?
How does the viability of red blood cells change over time during storage?
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What treatment is recommended for allergic reactions during transfusions?
What treatment is recommended for allergic reactions during transfusions?
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Study Notes
Physiological Changes during Storage
- Red cell viability decreases gradually over time.
- Platelet viability rapidly declines to zero, indicating a short storage lifespan.
- Coagulation factors V and XIII significantly reduce during storage.
- Potassium levels rise, which can lead to hyperkalemia.
Blood Components
Packed Red Cells
- Used to increase hemoglobin content without causing circulatory overload.
- Indicated for treatment in anemic patients, especially:
- Elderly individuals
- Patients with renal issues
- Cardiac patients
Platelet Concentrates
- Increases platelet count by 10,000 to 15,000/μL.
- Should be freshly prepared for maximum efficacy.
- Indicated for patients suffering from thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts).
Common Complications
Pyrogenic Reactions
- Most prevalent reaction characterized by chills and fever.
- Accompanied by headache, nausea, and vomiting.
- Causes include:
- Minor bacterial contamination
- Presence of donor white blood cells or platelets
- Pyrogens from transfusion equipment
- Treatment includes stopping the transfusion and administering IV antihistaminics and hydrocortisone.
Allergic Reactions
- Symptoms range from mild itching and urticaria to severe laryngeal edema and collapse.
- Caused by the recipient's immune response to allergens in donor blood.
- More common in individuals with a history of multiple transfusions.
- Treatment involves stopping the transfusion and providing IV antihistaminics and hydrocortisone.
Hemolytic Reactions
- Serious and potentially life-threatening, often resulting from transfusion of ABO incompatible blood.
- Antibodies in the recipient's blood attack donor cells' antigens.
- Symptoms may arise after transfusing as little as 50 ml and include:
- Fever and chills
- Chest pain and dyspnea
- Flank pain
- Physical examination may reveal tachycardia and hypotension.
- In anesthetized patients, signs include sudden tachycardia, hypotension, and bleeding tendencies.
- Major reactions can lead to hemoglobinuria, jaundice, and acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
Citrate Intoxication
- Occurs due to excess citrate during blood component transfusions.
- Can result in hypocalcemia, leading to symptoms like tetany.
- Intensifies hyperkalemia effects on cardiac function.
Physiological Changes during Storage
- Red cell viability decreases gradually over time.
- Platelet viability rapidly declines to zero, indicating a short storage lifespan.
- Coagulation factors V and XIII significantly reduce during storage.
- Potassium levels rise, which can lead to hyperkalemia.
Blood Components
Packed Red Cells
- Used to increase hemoglobin content without causing circulatory overload.
- Indicated for treatment in anemic patients, especially:
- Elderly individuals
- Patients with renal issues
- Cardiac patients
Platelet Concentrates
- Increases platelet count by 10,000 to 15,000/μL.
- Should be freshly prepared for maximum efficacy.
- Indicated for patients suffering from thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts).
Common Complications
Pyrogenic Reactions
- Most prevalent reaction characterized by chills and fever.
- Accompanied by headache, nausea, and vomiting.
- Causes include:
- Minor bacterial contamination
- Presence of donor white blood cells or platelets
- Pyrogens from transfusion equipment
- Treatment includes stopping the transfusion and administering IV antihistaminics and hydrocortisone.
Allergic Reactions
- Symptoms range from mild itching and urticaria to severe laryngeal edema and collapse.
- Caused by the recipient's immune response to allergens in donor blood.
- More common in individuals with a history of multiple transfusions.
- Treatment involves stopping the transfusion and providing IV antihistaminics and hydrocortisone.
Hemolytic Reactions
- Serious and potentially life-threatening, often resulting from transfusion of ABO incompatible blood.
- Antibodies in the recipient's blood attack donor cells' antigens.
- Symptoms may arise after transfusing as little as 50 ml and include:
- Fever and chills
- Chest pain and dyspnea
- Flank pain
- Physical examination may reveal tachycardia and hypotension.
- In anesthetized patients, signs include sudden tachycardia, hypotension, and bleeding tendencies.
- Major reactions can lead to hemoglobinuria, jaundice, and acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
Citrate Intoxication
- Occurs due to excess citrate during blood component transfusions.
- Can result in hypocalcemia, leading to symptoms like tetany.
- Intensifies hyperkalemia effects on cardiac function.
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Description
This quiz covers the physiological changes that occur during the storage of blood components, particularly focusing on packed red cells and platelet concentrates. It includes information about viability, treatment indications, and common complications like pyrogenic reactions. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical and biological sciences.
