Physiological Changes During Pregnancy

<p>Weight increases to about 2.24 to 2.6 lb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood volume increases by up to 50%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Softens collagenous tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased demand for carbohydrates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in expiratory reserve volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placenta previa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid breath and confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tender abdomen and rigid uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer IV fluid rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establish an IV line of normal saline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compensate for decreased oxygenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest rise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate circulatory status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate medical intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensation for abnormalities in oxygenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Position the airway and suction as necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport her on her left side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide additional ventilation assistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide CPR and ALS as for any trauma patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm blankets, suction device, clamps or ties, and scissors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure the newborn is vigorous and observe them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Apgar score (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiate positive pressure ventilation (PPV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep the newborn at a temperature lower than body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jugular vein distention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a thorough scene size-up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prioritize stabilization of ABCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumothorax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize the cervical spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in vital capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidural hematoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children at low risk can still have significant intracranial injuries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blunt trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolated long bone injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assume abuse until proven otherwise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seat position and posture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increases during pregnancy to meet the growing needs of the developing fetus.

Causes bronchi to dilate (widen), aiding easier breathing during pregnancy.

Involve decreased expiratory reserve volume, functional residual capacity, and residual volume, but increased tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.

Approximately 27 pounds (12.3 kilograms).

Blood volume increases by up to 50% to support fetal needs and maternal organs.

The uterus grows significantly, from a small size to being able to hold a large amount of fluid (5000 mL) by the end of pregnancy.

Softens collagenous tissues and relaxes ligaments, which facilitates birth.

The number of red blood cells increases to meet the growing oxygen demands of pregnancy.

A serious pregnancy complication where infection occurs after an abortion.

High risk of hemorrhage in late pregnancy.

Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

Premature separation of placenta from uterine wall.

Placenta covers cervix, low in uterus.

Assess for fever, abdominal tenderness, signs of shock and absent fetal heart sounds.

Establish IV, oxygen, ECG monitoring and rapid transport for bleeding.

Assess the nature of bleeding, vital signs changes and use OPQRST pain scale to determine the severity.

Congenital heart disease leads to decreased oxygen levels in the blood due to abnormal heart structures.

The right ventricle in congenital heart disease experiences an increased workload due to the abnormal heart structure.

Early identification and prompt transport are vital for infants with congenital heart disease to ensure timely medical intervention.

Maintaining communication with medical control is essential for coordinating care and receiving appropriate guidance for infants with congenital heart disease.

Children have a smaller tidal volume compared to adults, meaning they breathe less air with each breath.

Children have a higher metabolic oxygen demand, which means they need more oxygen to fuel their growing bodies.

Children have a smaller functional residual capacity, which means they have less air remaining in their lungs after exhaling.

Children rely heavily on their pulse rate to compensate for decreased oxygen levels and maintain adequate blood flow.

Transport a pregnant woman on her left side if no spinal injury is suspected. This helps ensure proper blood flow to the fetus and the mother's vital organs.

Ensure an adequate airway, administer oxygen, assist ventilations if needed, and provide a higher-than-usual minute volume. This helps optimize oxygen delivery to both mother and fetus.

Start one or two IV lines of normal saline to maintain blood volume and support both maternal and fetal circulatory systems.

Provide CPR and ALS as you would for any other trauma patient. CPR and ventilator support can keep the fetus viable, even if the mother is already dead.

Prepare a warm environment with essential supplies: warm, dry blankets, a bulb syringe, two small clamps, a pair of clean scissors.

After delivery, ensure ABCs: airway, breathing, and circulation. Place the newborn on the mother’s chest, suction the mouth then nose, and keep at the level of the mother.

Clamp and cut the umbilical cord, then perform a primary survey. Examine the skin, head, and eyes for irregularities, and inspect the umbilical cord for abnormalities.

Newborns are at risk for hypothermia. Placing them on prewarmed towels or a radiant warmer, drying thoroughly, and covering the head with a cap can help maintain body temperature.

A flowchart used to guide medical professionals in managing pediatric cardiac arrest, outlining steps for assessment, intervention, and medication administration.

Any injury to the brain caused by a forceful impact, such as a fall or a car accident.

A type of TBI where blood collects between the skull and the dura mater (outermost membrane surrounding the brain).

A type of TBI where blood collects between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater (middle membrane surrounding the brain).

A brief episode in an infant that involves color changes, choking, apnea (stopping breathing), or loss of muscle tone, with no clear explanation.

Medical emergencies involving children who have experienced an injury, often requiring specialized care.

The study of how injuries occur in children, taking into account their unique anatomy and physiology.

A type of injury caused by a forceful impact without a sharp object penetrating the body, common in pediatric cases.

Consider the possibility of spinal fractures in patients with chest or abdominal bruising, particularly if it follows a seat belt pattern.

A pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, can occur due to penetrating injuries to the chest or upper abdomen.

Symptoms of a pneumothorax include rapid heart rate, distended neck veins, and a paradoxical pulse.

Any trauma patient should be treated as potentially at risk for shock.

Traumatic injuries that require immediate transport due to severity and instability.

All trauma victims with suspected spinal injuries require spinal stabilization.

The aging process typically begins in the late 20s or early 30s, but can be accelerated by genetic predisposition, preexisting conditions, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

As we age, respiratory capacity decreases. Vital capacity reduces, residual volume increases, and oxygen levels in the blood decline.