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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of pressure?
What is the unit of measurement for pressure?
What is the definition of viscosity?
What is the type of viscosity that is a ratio of dynamic viscosity to density?
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What is the definition of buoyancy?
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What is the principle that states the buoyancy force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by an object?
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What is the type of flow characterized by smooth, continuous flow of a fluid in parallel layers or streams?
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What is the type of flow characterized by chaotic, irregular flow of a fluid with eddies and swirls?
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What is the application of laminar flow in the human body?
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What is the application of turbulent flow in nature?
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Study Notes
Pressure
- Definition: Force per unit area exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) on an object or surface
- Units: Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi)
- Types:
- Hydrostatic pressure: Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to its weight
- Hydrodynamic pressure: Pressure exerted by a fluid in motion
Viscosity
- Definition: Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or shear stress
- Units: Poise (P) or pascal-seconds (Pa·s)
- Types:
- Dynamic viscosity: Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
- Kinematic viscosity: Ratio of dynamic viscosity to density
- Factors affecting viscosity:
- Temperature: Viscosity generally decreases with increasing temperature
- Pressure: Viscosity generally increases with increasing pressure
Buoyancy
- Definition: Upward force exerted on an object by a fluid (liquid or gas) due to differences in pressure
- Archimedes' Principle: Buoyancy force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
- Applications:
- Flotation: Objects less dense than the fluid will float
- Submersion: Objects more dense than the fluid will sink
Laminar Flow
- Definition: Smooth, continuous flow of a fluid in parallel layers or streams
- Characteristics:
- Smooth, streamline flow
- No turbulence or eddies
- Predictable, steady flow
- Applications:
- Pipeline flow
- Blood flow in arteries
- Oil flow in pipelines
Turbulence
- Definition: Chaotic, irregular flow of a fluid characterized by eddies and swirls
- Characteristics:
- Unpredictable, irregular flow
- Eddies and swirls create mixing and diffusion
- Increased energy loss and resistance
- Applications:
- Ocean currents
- Atmospheric flow
- Mixing in chemical reactors
Pressure
- Force per unit area exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) on an object or surface
- Measured in Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi)
- Hydrostatic pressure comes from the weight of a fluid at equilibrium
- Hydrodynamic pressure comes from a fluid in motion
Viscosity
- Measures a fluid's resistance to flow or shear stress
- Measured in Poise (P) or pascal-seconds (Pa·s)
- Dynamic viscosity measures resistance to flow
- Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density
- Temperature increases reduce viscosity, while pressure increases enhance viscosity
Buoyancy
- Upward force exerted on an object by a fluid due to pressure differences
- Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyancy force equals the weight of the fluid displaced
- Objects less dense than the fluid will float
- Objects more dense than the fluid will sink
Laminar Flow
- Smooth, continuous flow of a fluid in parallel layers or streams
- Characteristics include smooth, streamline flow and predictable flow
- Applications include pipeline flow, blood flow in arteries, and oil flow in pipelines
Turbulence
- Chaotic, irregular flow of a fluid characterized by eddies and swirls
- Characteristics include unpredictable flow, eddies and swirls, and increased energy loss
- Applications include ocean currents, atmospheric flow, and mixing in chemical reactors
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Description
This quiz covers the definitions, units, and types of pressure and viscosity, including hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure, and dynamic viscosity.
