Physics of Celestial Bodies and Tides

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Questions and Answers

Which of these celestial bodies is NOT a direct participant in the formation of a neap tide?

  • Earth
  • Asteroid (correct)
  • Sun
  • Moon

If an asteroid is moving at a constant velocity and is not acted upon by any external force, it will continue to move at that velocity. What principle of physics best explains this phenomenon?

  • Revolution
  • Inertia (correct)
  • Geocentric model
  • Rotation

Imagine Earth's rotation was significantly faster. Which of these scenarios would be MOST LIKELY to occur?

  • Neap tides would become stronger
  • The strength of gravity would increase
  • The length of a year would decrease
  • The duration of a day would decrease (correct)

Why does the Heliocentric model more accurately represent the Solar System than the Geocentric model?

<p>The Heliocentric model aligns with observations of planetary movement (A)</p>
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What is the fundamental difference between rotation and revolution?

<p>Rotation is the movement of an object around its axis, and revolution is the movement of an object around a different object. (A)</p>
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If a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere and burns up completely, is it considered a meteor or a meteorite?

<p>Meteor (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT related to the concept of inertia?

<p>A spacecraft constantly accelerating in space (A)</p>
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A small piece of rock breaks off from an asteroid. This piece of rock is considered a:

<p>Meteoroid (C)</p>
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A scientist is testing the effect of different types of fertilizer on plant growth. The amount of fertilizer is the ______ variable, while the height of the plants is the ______ variable.

<p>independent; dependent (C)</p>
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Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

<p>A scientific law is a more specific explanation than a scientific theory. (A)</p>
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A scientist observes that the leaves of a plant turn yellow when it is not watered frequently. She hypothesizes that the plant needs water to produce chlorophyll, the pigment that gives leaves their green color. Which of the following is NOT a control variable in this experiment?

<p>Frequency of watering (C)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

<p>The plant had bright green leaves. (A)</p>
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In an experiment testing the effect of different types of music on plant growth, the type of music is the ______ variable, and the growth rate of the plants is the ______ variable.

<p>independent; dependent (A)</p>
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Based on the provided information, what can be inferred about the diagram's purpose?

<p>To distinguish between the characteristics and positioning of inner and outer planets. (C)</p>
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the diagram based on the provided information?

<p>The diagram is a simplified representation, not meant to be precisely accurate. (C)</p>
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What is ONE KEY difference between the inner planets and outer planets according to the provided information?

<p>Inner planets are located closer to the Sun than outer planets. (B)</p>
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What is a potential limitation of using this diagram to understand the solar system?

<p>The diagram does not accurately represent the relative distances between planets. (D)</p>
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Which planet is NOT depicted on the diagram, even though it is considered an inner planet?

<p>Saturn (C)</p>
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Based on the information, what can be concluded about the orbits of the planets shown on the diagram?

<p>The diagram does not provide enough information to determine the shape of the orbits. (D)</p>
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In the experiment on music and test scores, what is the experimental group?

<p>Students who listen to music while studying (B)</p>
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In a scientific experiment, what is the purpose of controlling variables?

<p>To isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. (D)</p>
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Which of the following are examples of quantitative data?

<p>The rock is 2kg, The tree is 6 feet (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting multiple trials in an experiment?

<p>Ensuring the experiment is conducted ethically (A)</p>
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In the experiment on music and test scores, what is the control group?

<p>Students who do not listen to any music (A)</p>
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A scientist wants to investigate the effect of different types of fertilizer on plant growth. What should be the dependent variable in this experiment?

<p>Plant Height (D)</p>
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Which of the following is a qualitative observation?

<p>The fabric is soft and silky (D)</p>
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Flashcards

Inner Planets

The four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Outer Planets

The four planets farthest from the Sun: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Sun

The center of our solar system that provides light and heat to the planets.

Simplified Representation

A diagram that shows concepts without accurate distances or sizes.

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Orbits

The paths that planets follow around the Sun.

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Concentric Circles

Circles sharing the same center, representing orbits in the diagram.

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Moon

Earth's natural satellite that orbits it.

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Asteroid

Small rocky object that orbits the Sun.

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Meteoroid

Small rock or particle that can become a meteor.

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Geocentric Model

Model stating Earth is at the center of the Solar System.

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Heliocentric Model

Correct model where the Sun is at the center of the Solar System.

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Rotation

Spinning of a planet on its axis.

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Revolution

Movement of an object around another object.

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Hypothesis

An educated guess or prediction for testing an experiment.

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Independent Variable

The factor in an experiment that is changed to be tested.

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Dependent Variable

What is measured in response to an experiment.

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Qualitative Data

Characteristics or qualities that can't be measured with numbers.

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Scientific Theory

A supported explanation of natural phenomena based on extensive evidence and testing.

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Constant

Factors in an experiment that remain unchanged to ensure reliable results.

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Multiple Trials

Conducting several tests to improve the accuracy and reliability of results.

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Line Graph

A graph that displays data points over time using lines.

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Bar Graph

A chart that presents categorical data with rectangular bars.

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Circle Graph

A graph depicting proportions of a whole, represented as slices of a circle.

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Scientific Theory vs. Law

A theory explains why things happen; a law states what happens based on observations.

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Study Notes

Solar System Diagram

  • The diagram shows the orbits of planets around the Sun.
  • Inner planets are shown closer to the Sun.
  • Outer planets are shown further away from the Sun.
  • The planets are labeled with their names.

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