Physics Mechanics and Energy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the variable F represent in the equation F = μN?

Friction coefficient

Normal force in newtons

Force in newtons (correct)

Frictional energy in joules

In the equation F1D1 = F2D2, what does the variable D stand for?

Density

Direction

Distance (correct)

Diameter

What is the formula for calculating displacement in uniformly accelerated motion?

s = vot + at

s = vot + 0.5at^2 (correct)

s = 0.5(v + vo)t

s = vt + a

Which of the following correctly represents kinetic energy?

K.E. = mv^2 / 2 Signup and view all the answers

What does P.E. stand for in the equation P.E. = mgh?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration due to gravity (g) as used in the potential energy formula?

9.8 m/s^2 Signup and view all the answers

In the equation v = vo + at, which term represents original velocity?

vo Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between final and initial velocity described by v^2 = vo^2 + 2as?

Final velocity depends on initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement. Signup and view all the answers

How is displacement defined in physics?

It is the change in position. Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable m represent in the kinetic energy equation K.E. = mv^2 / 2?

Mass of the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating hood entry loss?

he = (1 − C) × VP² Signup and view all the answers

Which variable represents the actual ventilation rate in cubic feet per minute?

Q Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable K represent in the context of ventilation calculations?

Design distribution constant Signup and view all the answers

How is total pressure (TP) calculated?

TP = SP + VP Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for determining the concentration C at a given time?

C = (G − Q) / V Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable PV represent in the concentration formula C?

Pressure of chemical Signup and view all the answers

In the context of engineering economy, what does F represent?

Future value of money Signup and view all the answers

How is the probability of failure (Pf) related to reliability (R(t))?

Pf = 1 − R(t) Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol SG represent in ventilation calculations?

Specific gravity of volatile liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between effective ventilation rate (Q′) and generation rate (G)?

Q′ = G/K Signup and view all the answers

What does Lpt represent in sound intensity calculations?

Combined sound pressure level Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference acoustic power used in calculating sound power level?

$10^{-12}$ W Signup and view all the answers

To calculate the dosage (D), what do you sum over?

Actual exposure time Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate noise reduction (dB)?

$dB = 10 imes log_{10} (A2/A1)$ Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable T represent in the equation T = (L - 90) / 5?

Time allowed for exposure Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for intensity from a distance, what does I represent?

Intensity of the source Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical value of the reference sound pressure level (po)?

0.00002 N/m2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable β represent in the intensity equations?

Scattering factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the power density (W) of an antenna?

$W = \frac{16 P}{4 \pi D^2}$ Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for sound pressure level (Lp), what is p?

Measured sound pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula $W = mg$ represent?

The work done to lift an object against gravity Signup and view all the answers

Which formula calculates the potential energy stored in a compressed spring?

$PE = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the variable $RWL$ in the ergonomic lifting index formula?

It stands for the recommended weight limit Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation $PV = nRT$ summarize?

The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for ventilation, $Q = VA$, what does $A$ represent?

Cross-sectional area of the duct Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included in the formula for calculating $RWL$?

Velocity of the lift (V) Signup and view all the answers

Which formula gives the lower flammability limit (LFL) in a chemical mixture?

$LFL_m = f_1 \cdot LFL_1 + f_2 \cdot LFL_2 + ... + f_n \cdot LFL_n$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for measuring work in the equation $W = Fs$?

Joules Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gas laws, what does $T$ represent?

Temperature in Kelvin Signup and view all the answers

What does the relationship $\frac{P_1 V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2 V_2}{T_2}$ indicate?

The relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature during state changes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mechanics

Frictional force (F) is calculated as: F = μN
μ = coefficient of friction
N = newtons
F1D1 = F2D2
Force (F) is measured in newtons
Distance (D) is a measure of length
Velocity (v) is found using: v = v° + at
v° = original velocity at start of acceleration
a = acceleration
t = time in seconds
Displacement (s) is change in position, usually from an original position
v = initial velocity
a = acceleration
v² = v²° + 2as
v = final velocity
a = acceleration of the object (meters per second squared)

Energy

Kinetic energy (K.E.) = (1/2)mv²
m= mass
v = velocity
Potential energy (P.E.)= mgh
m = mass
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s²
h = height
Potential energy (elastic)= ½kx²
k = spring constant, N/m²
x = amount of compression

Momentum

Momentum (p) = mv
m = mass
v = velocity

Force

F = ma
F = amount of force, measured in newtons
m = mass, measured in kilograms
a = acceleration, measured in meters per second squared

Work

Work (W) = Fs
W = work done on or to a system, measured in joules or N/m² (1 J = 1 N× 1 m)
F = force, measured in newtons
s = distance, usually in meters or feet

Ergonomics (NIOSH Lifting Equations)

Lifting Index (LI) = L/RWL
L = object weight
RWL = recommended weight limit
RWL = LC × HM × VM × DM × AM × FM × CM
LC= load constant, HM = horizontal multiplier, VM = vertical multiplier, DM = distance multiplier, AM = asymmetric multiplier, FM = frequency multiplier, CM = coupling multiplier

Heat Stress and Relative Humidity

Outdoors with solar load : 0.7WB +0.2 GT = 0.1 DB
Indoor (no solar load) : 0.7WB + 0.3 GT

Vapor and Gas Concentrations

ppm = parts per million, mg/m³ = measured mg/m³ of the contaminant, MW = molecular weight of the contaminant, 24.45 = constant = 1 g-mol
TLV = threshold limit value of the chemical
f₁ + f₂ + ... + fₙ = 1 (fraction of chemical in the mixture)

Ventilation

Q = volumetric flow rate (cfm)
V = velocity (fpm)
Q = VA
A = cross-sectional area of the duct (sf)
V = 4005√√SP
SP₁ = static pressure of the hood ("wg)
h
SP = VP + he

Ventilation (continued)

Q = 403×10⁶×SG×ER×K / (MW×C)
SG = specific gravity
ER = evaporation rate
K = design constant
MW = molecular weight
C = desired concentration

Noise

Sound intensity (I) = p²/(ρc)
p = sound pressure level (N/m²)
p = the density of the medium in air (1.2 kg/m²)
c = the speed of sound in air (344 m/s)
combined sound pressure level (Lpt)= 10log₁₀ (Σ₁⁰ Pᵢ²/P₀²)
Lw = sound power level (dB)
Lp = sound pressure level (dB)
p = measured sound pressure level (N/m²)
p₀ = reference sound pressure level (0.00002 N/m²)
TWA= time weighted average,dB = noise reduction in decibels,A₂ = total number of absorption units,A₁ = total number of absorption units (sabins)

Radiation

Intensity (I₂) = I₁(d₁²/d₂²)
Intensity (I) = I°e⁻²µx
μ = linear attenuation coefficient
x = shielding thickness

Engineering Economy

F = P(1 + i)ⁿ, F = future value of money,
P = present value of money(principal)
i = interest rate (decimal), n = number of years

Engineering Economy (continued)

P = F(1 + i)⁻ⁿ
P = present worth of money (principal), F = future worth, i = interest rate
F = A((1+i)ⁿ-1)/i, A = each payment, i = interest rate, n = number of periods
A= p (i ((1+i)ⁿ)/((1+i)ⁿ - 1))

Reliability

P₁ = 1 - R(t)
R(t)= e⁻^λt, (lambda)

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in mechanics, energy, and momentum. This quiz covers calculations of force, work, kinetic and potential energy, as well as the laws of motion. Put your physics knowledge to the test with a variety of questions that challenge your grasp of these fundamental principles.