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Physics: Conservation of Momentum

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Questions and Answers

What is the product of?

density and volume

mass and acceleration

mass and velocity (correct)

force and distance

What happens to momentum during a collision?

It's conserved but changes direction

It's created

It's destroyed

It's transferred from one object to another (correct)

Why does momentum appear to be lost during a collision?

It's transferred to the environment

It's absorbed into the earth (correct)

It's destroyed due to friction

It's converted into kinetic energy

What is the purpose of using low-friction tracks or billiard balls in a lab?

To minimize the effect of momentum being absorbed into the earth Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding mass to one of the carts in the physics lab?

To make the carts have different overall masses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cart starter in the physics lab?

To start the carts moving at the press of a button Signup and view all the answers

What is measured using a stopwatch with a lap feature in the physics lab?

The time it takes for the carts to collide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of marking an ending point for the heavier cart on the track?

To measure the distance traveled by the heavier cart before collision Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to repeat the experiment five times?

To increase the accuracy of the measurements Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate the speed of each cart?

speed = distance / time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the duct tape on the track?

To mark the ending points for the carts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of error in the experiment?

Using the stopwatch Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to check if conservation of momentum holds?

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2 Signup and view all the answers

Why might the conservation of momentum equation not be perfectly equal?

Because the earth takes some of the momentum Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the conservation of momentum equation is not close to equal?

Ask yourself what you could have done differently to improve your data Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Momentum and Conservation of Momentum

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.
An object with more mass or velocity has more momentum.
Conservation of momentum states that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred from one place to another.

Physics Lab: Investigating Conservation of Momentum

The lab uses an air track, carts, masses, a stopwatch, tape measure, duct tape, and a cart starter.
The goal is to measure and analyze the momentum of two carts before and after a collision.

Lab Steps

Measure the masses of each cart and attach masses to one cart to make it heavier.
Set up the air track and position the carts accordingly.
Measure distances and mark ending points for each cart.
Use the stopwatch to measure travel times for each cart before and after the collision.
Repeat the experiment five times and average the results.

Data Analysis

Calculate the speed of each cart using the distance and time measurements.
Use the equation p = mv to analyze the data and check if conservation of momentum holds.
Compare the total momentum before and after the collision to see how close the results are.

Sources of Error

The biggest source of error in the experiment is the timing for pressing the stopwatch buttons.
All experiments have some uncertainty, and the best we can do is reduce and minimize it.