Physics Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the usual activity of the 131I source used in thyroid examinations?

1.0 MBq

0.4 MBq (correct)

5.0 MBq

0.1 MBq

Which statement about the properties of beta particles is false?

They are helium nuclei. (correct)

They are electrons.

They can be positrons.

They have a continuous energy spectrum.

What is the maximum amplitude of beta waves in an EEG?

Less than 5µV

Between 5µV and 10µV

Between 10µV and 20µV (correct)

More than 20µV

Which statement regarding the radioactive decay constant is true?

It is inversely proportional to half-life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the degree of refraction?

It depends on the density of the two media. Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of an electron in a vacuum?

0.3 µm Signup and view all the answers

What does the performance of a system define?

Energy/time Signup and view all the answers

How much of the original quantity remains after three half-lives?

12.5% Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the absolute error of radioactive counting if the measurement time is quadrupled while maintaining the same activity?

Doubles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an SI unit?

Weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the dose of a stochastic biological effect?

Effect frequency increases Signup and view all the answers

Where does the greatest change in the direction of light rays occur as they pass through the human eye?

Entering the cornea Signup and view all the answers

How does the volume velocity of a viscous liquid relate to the pressure difference?

Directly proportional to the pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sound waves is true?

The detected frequency is lower than the emitted frequency if the source moves away Signup and view all the answers

In which imaging equipment does skull absorption affect brain image resolution?

CT Signup and view all the answers

When does observable interference occur between two light waves?

If they are coherent Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed by a diverging lens when a truly upright object is located within its focal length?

Virtual and erect Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation has the greatest biological effect at the same transmitted energy?

3 MeV energy alpha radiation Signup and view all the answers

In ultracentrifugation, how does the movement of particles relate to the frictional coefficient?

Lower frictional coefficient results in faster movement Signup and view all the answers

After twenty minutes, how much of the isotope 13N with a half-life of 10 minutes has decayed?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of viscosity?

kg/ms Signup and view all the answers

How does the diffusion constant D depend on temperature?

It is directly proportional to temperature Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure of an ideal fluid if the diameter of the pipe decreases?

Pressure decreases Signup and view all the answers

In positron beta decay, what change occurs to the atomic number?

Increases by one Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging equipment is known to delineate cancerous tumors most effectively?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the error of the average as the number of measurements increases?

It decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the diffusion constant is accurate?

It increases when the temperature rises. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the 13N isotope remains after forty minutes if its half-life is 10 minutes?

6.25% Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario describes when two meeting light waves produce observable interference?

If they are coherent and have a constant phase difference. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical concentration of sodium in an isotonic NaCl solution?

0.9% Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the volume velocity of a viscous liquid and its viscosity?

Inversely proportional to viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

Which wave type has a frequency range between 4 Hz and 7 Hz?

Teta wave Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Radioactive Counting Error

If radioactive counting is measured for four times longer, while maintaining constant activity, the absolute error doubles.

SI Units

Speed and weight are not SI units.

Stochastic Biological Effects

The frequency of stochastic effects increases with the dose.
These effects are heritable.

Light Ray Path in the Eye

The direction of light rays changes most significantly as they enter the cornea.

Volume Velocity of Viscous Liquid

Volume velocity is directly proportional to the pressure difference.

Sound Source and Detector

If a sound source approaches a detector, the detected frequency will be higher than the emitted frequency.
Stokes' law implies that the diffusion constant is inversely proportional to the medium's viscosity.

Blood Dilution Isotopes

⁵¹Cr and ¹³¹I are used to measure blood dilution volume.

True Statements (Question 8)

Transmission speed of higher frequency sounds is lower than the speed of lower frequency sounds.
Mediated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion.

Radioactive Isotope Decay Constant

The decay constant of an isotope with a 1-second half-life is approximately 0.7/s.

Resting Brain EEG Waves

The resting brain emits alpha waves.

Biconcave Lens

A biconcave lens is a diverging lens.
The refractive index of the lens being greater than the refractive index of the medium is a property.

Imaging Equipment and Resolution

The resolution of brain images in CT scans is impacted by skull absorption.

Laplace Law

In pipes with circular cross-sections, the tension is created by pressure.

Blood Pressure Change (Sudden Standing Up)

Blood pressure in the brain decreases when a person abruptly stands up.

Laminar Blood Velocity Change

If the radius of a blood vessel increases by 19%, the volume velocity of laminar blood doubles (approximately).

Imaging Procedure Using Ionizing Radiation

CT and PET scans use ionizing radiation to produce images.

Dark-Adapted vs. Light-Adapted Eye Sensitivity

The dark-adapted eye is more sensitive than the light-adapted eye.

Coherent Light Wave Interference

Two light waves cause permanent interference only when they are coherent and their phase difference is constant.

SI Unit for 1/s

The SI unit for 1/s is frequency and decay constant.

Korotkoff Noise

Korotkoff noise occurs when the air pressure in a blood pressure cuff is lower than the pressure created by the heartbeat.

Ionizing Radiation Biological Effect

3 MeV energy alpha radiation has a greater biological effect than other ionizing radiation at the same transmitted energy.

Ultracentrifugation

Lower frictional coefficient leads to faster, and smaller diffusion constants lead to slower movement in ultracentrifugation.

Positron Beta Decay

In positron beta decay, the atomic number increases by one, while the mass number remains unchanged.

Effective Half-Life of Radioactive Isotope

The effective half-life of a radioactive isotope introduced in the body is always less than its biological half-life and it equals the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals of the individual half-lives.

Alpha Particle Properties

Alpha particles are not protons, nor are they high-energy photons; instead, they are doubly ionized helium atoms.

EEG Wave Amplitude (50-100 μV)

Delta waves have amplitudes from 50 to 100 μV.

Isotope Decay Percentage

After 20 minutes, 75% of a 10-minute half-life isotope 13N has decayed.
After 40 minutes 93.75 % of a 10-minute half-life 14N isotope has decayed.

Refractive Index of a Lens System

The refractive index of a lens system consisting of two thin lenses in contact is the sum of the refractive indices of the lenses.

Radioactive Source Activity

The activity of a radioactive source is the number of radioactive decays per second.

Stokes' Law

Stokes' law describes the resistance force acting on a spherical body moving in a viscous liquid.

Imaging Procedure Without EM Radiation

Echoencephalography does not use electromagnetic radiation.

Refraction at a Boundary

The degree of refraction depends on the refractive indexes of the two media and their densities.

Light Wave Interactions

Light waves added up when two light waves meet.

Torque Types

Bending and Twisting

Thermodynamically Isolated System (example)

This is a system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

When the Internal Temperature is Constant

An isothermal thermodynamic process occurs when the internal temperature is constant.

Electron Ionization

Ionization occurs when electrons are freely dispersed from their parent atom.

Kinetic Energy of a Bird

If a bird weighs 1kg and flies at 36 km/ hr, the kinetic energy is 50 Joules.

Frequency of Sound

The dimensions corresponding to sound are ground frequencies.

X-ray Attenuation Mechanisms (example)

Photoelectric absorption, pair production, and Compton scattering are mechanisms for x-ray attenuation

Abbe Theory Application (example)

The Abbe theory is valid for light refraction.

Extensive vs. Intensive Dimensions

Extensive dimensions, like mass and volume, are additive.

Ionising Radiations

Ionized radiations are Beta and Gamma radiation.

Lens Errors

Lens errors include chromatic and spherical aberrations.

Beta Radiation Range

Beta radiation ranges from a few centimeters to several meters in air and a few millimeters in soft tissues.

Boltzmann Distribution

Boltzmann distribution does not explicitly describe effective half-lives or bound electrons.

Heat Transport Processes

Conduction, convection, and radiation are heat transport processes.

Bremsstrahlung

The power of Bremsstrahlung radiation depends on the accelerating voltage.

Dimension of Impulse (example)

The dimension of impulse is kg⋅m/s.

Atomic Nucleus Size (example)

The light atomic nucleus is approximately 10-15 meters in size.

Beta Radiation Properties

Beta radiation has a continuous spectrum.
Maximum energy for a given radioactive nuclide determines the upper limit of the emission.

Mesophases properties (example)

Mesophases exhibit properties like anisotropy. This means different properties in different directions.

Half-life Remainder (example)

After three half-lives, 12.5% of a substance will remain.

Lambert-Beer's Law

Lambert-Beer's Law explains light reflection in thin solutions.

Voltage-Clamp Technique

The voltage-clamp technique keeps the membrane voltage at a set artificial value. (example)

EEG Wave Amplitude (example)

Beta-EEG waves usually have an amplitude less than 20 μV.

Absolute Error (example)

The absolute error of the difference between two measurements is the square root of the sum of the squares of the two individual absolute errors.

Decay Constant of a Radioactive Element

The radioactive decay constant is inversely proportional to the half-life.

Microwave Diathermy Frequency

The frequency used in microwave diathermy is 2540 MHz.

Plasmolysis-inducing Solution (example)

Hypertonic solutions cause plasmolysis.

Beta Particle Properties

Beta particles are high energy electrons, not hydrogen nuclei.

Radiation Dose Units

The SI unit for radiation dose is C/kg.

Condenser Space Diathermy Frequency (example)

The frequency used in condenser space diathermy is 0.03 GHz.

Object and Lens Focal Length

A real object positioned within the focal length of a converging lens produces a virtual and upright image.

Diffusion Constant Dependence

Diffusion constant does not depend on the medium's density or pH.

Alpha Particle Composition

Alpha particles are doubly ionized helium atoms (He nuclei).

Sound Penetration and Diffusion

The penetrating ability of higher-frequency sounds is lower than lower-frequency sounds.
Mediated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion (example).

Refraction and Medium Density

The degree of refraction at the boundary of two media depends on the density of the two media.

Electron Wavelength

The wavelength of an electron in a vacuum depends on various factors. (example)

Visual Acuity of the Eye

The light-adapted eye is the most sensitive and has higher visual acuity. It does not have poor visual acuity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on a variety of physics concepts including radioactive counting, SI units, sound wave behavior, and effects of viscosity. This quiz covers fundamental principles related to light, sound, and biological effects in physics. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these important topics.