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Questions and Answers
What type of radiation was found by Marie Curie to be proportional to the amount of radioactive elements present?
Which scientist expanded the field of chemistry to include nuclear changes by discovering that uranium emitted radiation?
Which term refers to the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?
Radioactive decay is a process that involves the spontaneous emission of particles or energy from an unstable nucleus. Which of the following is NOT a decay mode?
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In nuclear chemistry, what does nuclear stability refer to?
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What term is used to describe the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
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Which term refers to atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
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What term describes the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the term for any nucleus that is unstable and decays spontaneously?
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What is the collective term for the emissions of a radioactive nucleus?
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Which term refers to atoms of one element being converted into another element?
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What do you call isotopes that emit radiation?
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What is the characteristic way in which the rate of radioactive decay is generally reported?
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Which force overcomes the electrostatic repulsions between protons in stable atomic nuclei?
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If the attractive interactions due to the strong nuclear force are weaker than what, the nucleus becomes unstable?
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What is the energy required to break up a nucleus into its separate nucleons known as?
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What term is used for the mass difference between a nucleus and its constituent nucleons?
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Which particle has a charge related to e-1 and a mass related to 1836.1?
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Study Notes
Radiation and Radioactive Decay
- Marie Curie found that alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are proportional to the amount of radioactive elements present.
- Radioactive decay is a process that involves the spontaneous emission of particles or energy from an unstable nucleus.
Nuclear Chemistry
- Nuclear stability refers to the ability of an atom to resist nuclear changes.
- The term "nuclide" is used to describe the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
- The protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom are collectively referred to as nucleons.
- Unstable nuclei that decay spontaneously are called radioactive nuclei.
- The collective term for the emissions of a radioactive nucleus is radiation.
Nuclear Reactions
- Transmutation refers to the process of converting atoms of one element into another element.
- Isotopes that emit radiation are called radioactive isotopes.
- The rate of radioactive decay is generally reported in terms of half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the original amount of radioactive material to decay.
Nuclear Forces
- The strong nuclear force overcomes the electrostatic repulsions between protons in stable atomic nuclei.
- If the attractive interactions due to the strong nuclear force are weaker than the electrostatic repulsions, the nucleus becomes unstable.
- The energy required to break up a nucleus into its separate nucleons is known as the binding energy.
- The mass difference between a nucleus and its constituent nucleons is known as the mass defect.
Subatomic Particles
- A proton has a charge of +1 and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
- A neutron has no charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
- An electron has a charge of -1 and a mass of approximately 1/1836.1 amu.
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Description
Test your knowledge on radioactive decay, half-life, and nuclear stability in atoms. Explore how the strong nuclear force overcomes electrostatic repulsions between protons to maintain stable atomic nuclei.
