Physics Chapter on Radioactivity and Sound

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Questions and Answers

How does the absolute error of the result of radioactive counting change, if we measure it for 4 times longer with constant activity?

It doubles.

Which is NOT an SI unit?

Weight (correct)

Speed

The stochastic biological effect is...

In its case, the frequency of the effect increases as the dose increases (correct)

Heritable

Where does the direction of the light ray passing through the human eye change the most?

Entering the cornea. Signup and view all the answers

How does the volume velocity of a viscous liquid depend on the pressure difference?

It is directly proportional to the pressure difference. Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true? (Select all that apply)

If the sound source approaches the detector, the detected frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What isotopes are used to measure the dilution volume of blood?

51Cr Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true?

Mediated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

The decay constant of a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 1 second is approximately:

0.7/s Signup and view all the answers

What kind of EEG waves does the resting brain emit?

Alpha waves Signup and view all the answers

A biconcave lens is a diverging lens...

If the refractive index of the lens is greater than the refractive index of the medium Signup and view all the answers

In which imaging equipment does the absorption caused by the skull impair the resolution of the images of the brain?

CT Signup and view all the answers

The Laplace law states:

In the wall of a pipe with a circular cross-section, the tension created by the pressure in the pipe is proportional to the radius of the pipe and the pressure in the pipe. Signup and view all the answers

How does blood pressure change in the brain of a person who stands up suddenly?

Blood pressure decreases. Signup and view all the answers

If everything else remains the same, how does the volume velocity of the laminar blood flowing in the tube change in the event of a 19% increase in the radius of a blood vessel?

The volume velocity doubles in size (approximately). Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging procedure uses ionizing radiation to create the image?

PET Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct?

The dark-adapted eye is the most sensitive. Signup and view all the answers

When do two meeting light waves cause permanently observable interference?

If their phase difference is constant Signup and view all the answers

Which quantities SI unit is 1/s?

Decay constant Signup and view all the answers

The Korotkoff noise...

Occurs when the pressure of the air bag is already lower than that created by the heart's peak pressure. Signup and view all the answers

If a truly upright object is located within the focal length of the diverging lens, the image is...

Virtual Signup and view all the answers

With the same transmitted energy, which ionizing radiation has the greatest biological effect?

3 MeV energy alpha radiation. Signup and view all the answers

In ultracentrifugation, if everything else remains the same...

The smaller the diffusion constant, the slower the movement Signup and view all the answers

In positron beta decay...

The mass number does not change Signup and view all the answers

The effective half-life of a radioactive isotope introduced into the body...

Less than its biological half-life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true? Alpha particles are...

High energy photons Signup and view all the answers

The amplitude of which EEG wave falls in the range of 50 - 100 μV?

Delta waves Signup and view all the answers

After twenty minutes, what percentage of the isotope 13N with a half-life of 10 minutes has already decayed?

75% Signup and view all the answers

After 40 minutes, what % of the 14-N isotope with a half-life of 10 minutes has not yet decayed?

6.25% Signup and view all the answers

Refractive index of a lens system consisting of two thin lenses in contact with each other is...

The sum of the refractive indices of the two lenses. Signup and view all the answers

Activity of a radioactive source is...

The number of radioactive decays per second. Signup and view all the answers

Stokes' law gives...

The magnitude of the medium resistance force acting on a spherical body moving in a viscous liquid. Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging procedure does NOT use electromagnetic radiation to create the image?

Echoencephalography. Signup and view all the answers

The SI unit of which quantity is kg/ms?

Viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the degree of refraction at the boundary of two media depend on?

The relative refractive index of the second medium to the first medium Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two light waves meet?

Their amplitudes add up. Signup and view all the answers

If a virtual and erect object is outside the focal length of the converging lens, the image is...

Virtual and inverted Signup and view all the answers

Frequency used for field diathermy of the coil is...

0.03 GHz Signup and view all the answers

Ultrasound frequency band used in medical applications:

2-18 MHz Signup and view all the answers

How does the pressure of an ideal fluid flowing in a pipe change if the diameter of the pipe increases?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What does the diffusion constant D depend on?

The temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging equipment is able to demarcate cancerous tumors most accurately?

The MRI. Signup and view all the answers

Braking radiation's...

Performance depends on the accelerating voltage. Signup and view all the answers

The patch-clamp technique...

Greatly narrows the surface of the membrane to be tested. Signup and view all the answers

Which EEG wave has a frequency between 4 Hz and 7 Hz?

Theta waves Signup and view all the answers

Which infusion solution causes hemolysis?

The hypotonic solution. Signup and view all the answers

The magnitude of the peak of the QRS complex of the two-lead ECG signal:

1-2 mV Signup and view all the answers

Lambert's law states:

The decrease in the intensity of the light passing through the material depends on the thickness of the material. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blood pressure of a standing person the highest?

In the heart. Signup and view all the answers

How does the volume velocity of a viscous liquid depend on the viscosity?

It is inversely proportional to viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of Na in the isotonic NaCl salt solution?

0.9%. Signup and view all the answers

Amount of the effective dose

J/kg. Signup and view all the answers

Which quantity decreases as the number of measurements increases?

The error of the average Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a basic SI quantity?

The weight Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is NOT an official SI unit?

eV Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Radioactive Counting Error

If radioactive counting is measured for four times longer with constant activity, the absolute error doubles.

SI Units

Speed and weight are not SI units.

Stochastic Biological Effects

Stochastic biological effects increase in frequency as dose increases.
These effects are heritable.

Light Ray Path in the Eye

The direction of a light ray changes most significantly upon entering the cornea.

Viscous Liquid Volume Velocity

The volume velocity of a viscous liquid is directly proportional to the pressure difference.

Sound Source and Detector

If a sound source approaches a detector, the detected frequency is higher than the emitted frequency.
If Stokes' law applies, the diffusion constant is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the medium.

Isotopes for Blood Dilution Volume

51Cr and 131I isotopes are used to measure the dilution volume of blood.

True Statements (Page 2)

The transmission speed of higher sounds is slower than deeper sounds.
Mediated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion.

Radioactive Isotope Decay Constant

The decay constant of a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 1 second is approximately 0.7/s.

EEG Waves in Resting Brain

The resting brain emits alpha waves.

Biconcave Lens

A biconcave lens is a diverging lens.
If the refractive index of a lens is greater than the refractive index of the medium surrounding it, it is a diverging lens.

Imaging Equipment and Brain Resolution

CT scanning is an imaging technique where absorption by the skull impairs the resolution of brain images.

Laplace Law

In a pipe with a circular cross-section, the tension created by pressure is described by Laplace's law.

Blood Pressure Change During Standing

Blood pressure in the brain decreases when a person stands up suddenly.

Laminar Blood Volume Velocity

If the radius of a blood vessel increases by 19%, the volume velocity of laminar blood flowing in the tube doubles.

Imaging Procedures using Ionizing Radiation

CT and PET scans use ionizing radiation to create images.

Dark-Adapted Eye Sensitivity

The dark-adapted eye is the most sensitive.

Coherent Light Waves Interference

Two light waves interfere permanently if they are coherent and have a constant phase difference.

SI Unit for 1/s

The SI unit for 1/s is frequency and decay constant.

Korotkoff Noise

Korotkoff noise occurs when the pressure of the air bag is lower than the peak pressure created by the heart.

Ionizing Radiation Biological Effect

3 MeV energy alpha radiation has the greatest biological effect when transmitted energy is kept constant.

Ultracentrifugation

In ultracentrifugation, lower frictional coefficient speeds up movement, and smaller diffusion constant slows down movement.

Positron Beta Decay

In positron beta decay, the atomic number increases by one, and the mass number remains unchanged.

Radioactive Isotope Effective Half-life

The effective half-life of a radioactive isotope introduced into the body is less than its biological half-life.
It's the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the two half-lives.

Alpha Particles

Alpha particles are not protons. They are high-energy photons.

EEG Wave Amplitude

Delta waves have amplitudes in the range of 50-100 μV.

Isotope Decay Percentage

After 20 minutes, 75 percent of 13N isotope decay.
After 40 minutes, only 6.25 percent of 14N isotope remains undecayed.

Refractive Index of a Lens System

The refractive index of a lens system comprised of two thin lenses in contact is the sum of the individual lenses' refractive indices.

Radioactive Source Activity

The activity of a radioactive source is the number of radioactive decays per second.

Stokes' Law

Stokes' law describes the drag force on a spherical body moving in a viscous liquid.

Imaging Procedure Not Using Electromagnetic Radiation

Echoencephalography does not use electromagnetic radiation to create images.

Refraction at Boundary of Media

Refraction at the boundary of two media depends on the relative refractive indices of the media.

Diffusion Constant Dependence

The diffusion constant does not depend on the medium's density or pH.

Type of Torque

Bending and twisting are types of torque.

Thermodynamically Isolated System

A thermodynamically isolated system does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

Isotherm Thermodynamic

An isothermal thermodynamic process occurs when the temperature remains constant.

Ionization

Ionization occurs when electrons are freely dispersed.

Bird's Kinetic Energy

A bird with a mass of 1 kg and a velocity of 36 km/h has a kinetic energy of 50 J.

Sound Dimension

The ground frequency is the dimension corresponding to sound.

Attenuation of X-Rays:

Photoelectric effect, pair formation, Compton scattering are processes in x-ray attenuation

Abbe Theory

Abbe theory is valid for describing light refraction.

Extensive Dimensions

Mass and volume are extensive dimensions.

Ionized Radiation

Beta and gamma radiation are examples of ionized radiations.

Lens Errors

Chromatic and spherical aberrations are types of lens errors.

Beta Radiation Range

Beta radiation in air has a range of 10 cm to a few meters, and in soft tissue, it's a few mm.

Boltzmann Distribution

The Boltzmann distribution does not describe the effective half-life and bound state of electrons.

Heat Transport Processes

Heat transport processes include conduction and convection.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in physics, specifically focusing on radioactive counting, biological effects, and the propagation of sound waves. Explore topics like isotopes, light ray paths, and the behavior of viscous liquids. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of these fundamental principles.