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Questions and Answers
A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance $C$. If the distance between the plates is doubled and the area of each plate is halved, what is the new capacitance?
A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance $C$. If the distance between the plates is doubled and the area of each plate is halved, what is the new capacitance?
- $C/4$ (correct)
- $C/2$
- $2C$
- $4C$
In a Wheatstone bridge, all four resistors have equal resistance $R$. If the resistance of one of the resistors is changed to $R + \Delta R$, what is the approximate value of the current through the galvanometer, assuming the galvanometer resistance $G$ is very high?
In a Wheatstone bridge, all four resistors have equal resistance $R$. If the resistance of one of the resistors is changed to $R + \Delta R$, what is the approximate value of the current through the galvanometer, assuming the galvanometer resistance $G$ is very high?
- Independent of $\Delta R$
- Proportional to $\Delta R / (R+G)$ (correct)
- Zero, because the bridge is always balanced
- Proportional to $\Delta R / R^2$
A proton and an electron are accelerated through the same potential difference. What is the ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of the electron to that of the proton?
A proton and an electron are accelerated through the same potential difference. What is the ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of the electron to that of the proton?
- $\sqrt{m_e/m_p}$
- $m_e/m_p$
- $\sqrt{m_p/m_e}$ (correct)
- 1
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the electromagnetic spectrum and its applications?
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the electromagnetic spectrum and its applications?
A biconvex lens made of glass (refractive index 1.5) has radii of curvature of 20 cm each. What is the approximate focal length of the lens in air?
A biconvex lens made of glass (refractive index 1.5) has radii of curvature of 20 cm each. What is the approximate focal length of the lens in air?
What happens to the width of the depletion region in a p-n junction diode when it is forward biased?
What happens to the width of the depletion region in a p-n junction diode when it is forward biased?
Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing the frequency of the incident light on a metal surface in the photoelectric effect?
Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing the frequency of the incident light on a metal surface in the photoelectric effect?
In a common emitter transistor amplifier, what is the effect on the output signal if the input signal's frequency is significantly reduced?
In a common emitter transistor amplifier, what is the effect on the output signal if the input signal's frequency is significantly reduced?
A transformer is used to step down the voltage from 2200 V to 220 V. If the secondary coil has 100 turns, how many turns are there in the primary coil?
A transformer is used to step down the voltage from 2200 V to 220 V. If the secondary coil has 100 turns, how many turns are there in the primary coil?
Which logic gate is equivalent to a combination of a NAND gate followed by a NOT gate?
Which logic gate is equivalent to a combination of a NAND gate followed by a NOT gate?
Flashcards
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
Force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Electric Current
Electric Current
The flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes.
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
Relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R): V = IR
Biot-Savart Law
Biot-Savart Law
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Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction
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Motional EMF
Motional EMF
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Photoelectric Effect
Photoelectric Effect
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Energy Levels
Energy Levels
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P-N Junction
P-N Junction
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Study Notes
Electrostatics
- Electric charges and their properties are fundamental to electrostatics
- Coulomb’s law describes the force between two point charges
- Electric fields and electric potential are important concepts for understanding the behavior of charges in space
- Gauss’s law is useful for calculating electric fields in symmetrical situations
- Electric dipoles and their behavior in electric fields
- Capacitance and capacitors are used to store electrical energy
- Dielectrics can increase the capacitance of a capacitor
- Series and parallel combinations of capacitors
Current Electricity
- Electric current is the flow of electric charge
- Ohm’s law relates voltage, current, and resistance
- Drift velocity and mobility of electrons explain the microscopic behavior of current
- Electrical energy and power are important for understanding energy consumption in circuits
- Resistors in series and parallel combinations
- Kirchhoff’s laws are used to analyze complex circuits
- Wheatstone bridge is used to measure unknown resistances
- Potentiometer is used to measure potential differences
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
- Magnetic fields are produced by moving charges
- Biot-Savart law describes the magnetic field due to a current element
- Ampere’s law is useful for calculating magnetic fields in symmetrical situations
- Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field
- Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
- Torque on a current loop in a magnetic field
- Moving coil galvanometer is used to measure current
- Magnetism and matter, including magnetic dipoles and magnetic properties of materials
- Earth’s magnetic field
- Magnetic substances and their properties
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
- Electromagnetic induction is the production of emf by changing magnetic fields
- Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law describe the relationship between changing magnetic fields and induced emf
- Motional emf is induced by moving a conductor in a magnetic field
- Self-inductance and mutual inductance
- AC generator is used to produce alternating current
- Alternating current (AC) circuits, including the concepts of impedance and resonance
- LCR series circuit
- Power in AC circuits
- Transformers are used to change voltage levels
Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating charges
- Electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays
- Properties of electromagnetic waves, including their speed, frequency, and wavelength
Optics
- Reflection and refraction of light
- Total internal reflection and its applications
- Lenses and their properties
- Lens maker’s formula and magnification
- Refraction through a prism
- Optical instruments, including the human eye, microscopes, and telescopes
- Wave optics, including interference, diffraction, and polarization of light
- Huygens’ principle
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when light shines on a material
- Einstein’s photoelectric equation
- Matter waves and de Broglie wavelength
- Davisson-Germer experiment demonstrated the wave nature of electrons
Atoms
- Atomic structure and composition
- Rutherford’s model of the atom
- Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom
- Energy levels and spectra
Nuclei
- Nuclear structure and composition
- Nuclear properties, including nuclear size, mass, and density
- Mass-energy relation and nuclear binding energy
- Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
- Radioactivity and radioactive decay
Semiconductor Electronics
- Semiconductors and their properties
- Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
- p-n junction
- Semiconductor diode and its applications
- Transistors and their characteristics
- Digital electronics and logic gates
Communication Systems
- Elements of a communication system
- Bandwidth of signals and transmission medium
- Modulation and demodulation
- Types of modulation: AM, FM, and PM
- Communication satellites
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