Physics Chapter 1 and 2: Electrostatics and Ohm's Law
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of resistance in electrical systems?

  • Tesla
  • Volt
  • Ohm (correct)
  • Hertz

    • Which unit is used to measure magnetic field strength?

  • Newton
  • Henry
  • Volt
  • Tesla (correct)

    • Which of the following represents the power of a lens?

  • Diopter (correct)
  • Meter
  • Joule
  • Watt

    • What is the unit of magnetic flux?

    <p>Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for the decay constant?

    <p>Time<sup>-1</sup></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the de Broglie wavelength?

    <p>$ rac{h}{P}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of a photon in terms of frequency?

    <p>$E = h u$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements belong to the n-type group?

    <p>Arsenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the path difference relate to bright fringes in interference?

    <p>$ΔΦ = nλ$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between energy (E) and mass (m) according to Einstein's theory?

    <p>$E = mc^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation gives the width of an interference fringe?

    <p>$R = rac{λD}{d}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'Lyman-series' refer to?

    <p>Ultraviolet transitions in hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship defined by the formula $ rac{1}{λ} = R( rac{1}{n_1^2} - rac{1}{n_2^2})$?

    <p>Wave number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of resistance?

    <p>Ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly describes electric potential energy due to point charges?

    <p>U = Kq<sub>1</sub>q<sub>2</sub> / r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kirchhoff's second law pertain to?

    <p>Energy conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is conductivity represented mathematically?

    <p>σ = 1 / ρ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents the magnetic force on a moving charge?

    <p>F = q(v × B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating power in an electrical circuit?

    <p>P = VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drift velocity and electric field strength in a conductor?

    <p>V<sub>d</sub> = μE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly determines the total resistance in a series circuit?

    <p>R<sub>s</sub> = R<sub>1</sub> + R<sub>2</sub> + R<sub>3</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil calculated?

    <p>B = μ<sub>0</sub>NI / 2R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of Ir.m.s in terms of I0?

    <p>$I_0 / √2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula for efficiency (η) represent?

    <p>Output power divided by input power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an L-C-R circuit, which of the following represents impedance (Z)?

    <p>$√{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for inductive reactance (X_L)?

    <p>$2πfL$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents the angular dispersion?

    <p>$Δl / Δλ = (μ_r - 1) / λ$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the formulas P1 + P2 + ... + Pn calculate in a lens combination?

    <p>The effective power of the combined lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Snell's law, what is the relationship between the refractive indices and angles?

    <p>μ_1 Sin i = μ_2 Sin r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the critical angle (C) when referring to refraction?

    <p>1 / μ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the mean current (I_mean)?

    <p>$2I_0 / π$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the capacitive reactance (X_C)?

    <p>$1 / 2πfC$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Coulomb's law?

    <p>F = Kq<sub>1</sub>q<sub>2</sub> / r<sup>2</sup></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for electric field due to a point charge at a distance 'r'?

    <p>E = Kq / r<sup>2</sup></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dipole moment (P) represent mathematically?

    <p>P = q × 2l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gauss's Law, what is the relationship between electric flux (Φ) and enclosed charge (q)?

    <p>Φ = q / ε<sub>0</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for surface charge density (σ)?

    <p>σ = q / A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents Ohm's law?

    <p>V = IR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a parallel plate capacitor, what is the formula relating capacitance (C) to area (A) and separation distance (d)?

    <p>C = Aε<sub>0</sub> / d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for electric potential (V) in terms of electric field (E)?

    <p>V = -∫E.dr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the electric field (E) due to an infinite thin wire expressed?

    <p>E = 2Kλ / r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dielectric constant' indicate for air and water?

    <p>Air: 1, Water: 80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 1

    • Coulomb's Law: Force between two charges (F) is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes (q₁ and q₂) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them. Vector form: F = k(q₁q₂)/r².
    • Electric Field Intensity (E): Force per unit positive charge placed at a point in the field.
    • Electric Flux: Measure of the electric field lines passing through a given surface.
    • Dipole Moment (P): Product of the magnitude of a charge (q) and the distance (2l) between the charges. P = q * 2l
    • Torque (T): Turning effect on a dipole placed in an electric field. T = P × E = pEsinθ
    • Electric Field due to a point charge at a distance 'r': E = kq/r²
    • Electric Field at Axial Line: E = 2k*p/r³
    • Electric Field at Equatorial Line: E = k*p/r³

    Chapter 2

    • Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current * Resistance)
    • Electric Potential (V): Work done per unit positive charge in moving a charge from a reference point to a given point in an electric field.
    • Capacitance (C): Ability of a capacitor to store charge.
    • Parallel Plate Capacitor: Capacitance (C) = ε₀A/d, where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between them
    • Spherical Capacitor: Capacitance (C) = 4πε₀R/(R-r). where R is the outer radius, and r is the inner radius.
    • Cylindrical Capacitor: Capacitance (C) = 2πε₀L/(ln(b/a)). where L is the length, b is the outer radius and a is the inner radius
    • Dielectric Constant: The ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor when filled with a dielectric material to its capacitance when the dielectric is air or a vacuum. This depends on the material.

    Chapter 3

    • Current Density (J): Current per unit area. J = I/A
    • Drift Velocity (Vd): Average velocity of charge carriers in a conductor.
    • Power (P): Rate of doing work. P = VI = I²R = V²/R
    • Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of current.
    • Resistivity (ρ): A material property indicating how strongly it resists current flow.
    • Conductivity (σ): A material property indicating how easily it allows current flow (the inverse of resistivity). σ=1/ρ

    Chapter 4

    • Magnetic Force on a Moving Point Charge (F): F = qvBsinθ. Where q is the charge, v is the velocity of the charge, B is the magnetic field, and θ is the angle between v and B.
    • Magnetic Field due to a Current Carrying Loop (B): Formula depending on the shape of the loop, varies according to the configuration
    • Magnetic Field due to a Current Carrying Straight Wire (B): Formula depends on the position relative to the wire.
    • Cyclotron Frequency: Formula to calculate the frequency (f) at which a charged particle travels in a cyclotron.
    • Lorentz force: The force exerted on a charged particle moving through a magnetic field.
    • Magnetic Moment (M): A vector quantity representing the magnetic strength and orientation of a magnetic dipole.

    Chapter 5

    • Magnetic Intensity (H): measure of the magnetic field strength.
    • Magnetic Moment (M): A property of a magnet related to its strength.
    • Time Period (T): Time taken for one complete oscillation
    • Intensity of magnetization: relates to the strength of magnetization in a material

    Chapter 6

    • Lenz's Law: The direction of an induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
    • Inductive Reactance (XL): opposition of an inductor to the flow of alternating current.
    • Capacitive Reactance (XC): Opposition of a capacitor to the flow of alternating current.
    • Impedance (Z): Overall opposition of a circuit to alternating current.
    • Efficiency η): Ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage.
    • Step-up transformer: Increases voltage, voltage ratio is NS/NP
    • Step-down transformer: Decreases voltage, voltage ratio is NP/NS

    Chapter 7

    • Intensity of magnetization: relates to the strength of magnetization in a material
    • Wave number: number of waves per unit length.
    • Simple Microscope: Magnification equation

    Chapter 8

    • Electromagnetic Waves: Waves that are created by the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields. Characterized by frequency, wavelength, and speed.
    • Transverse Waves: Waves in which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation.

    Chapter 9

    • Snell's Law: Describes how light bends when it enters a medium with a different refractive index. n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.
    • Angular Dispersion: The separation of white light into its constituent colors.
    • Snell's Law: Formula relating the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of the two media.

    Chapter 10

    • Width of Interference Fringe: The distance between successive bright or dark fringes in an interference pattern.
    • Path Difference: Difference in the optical paths taken by two or more interfering waves.
    • Path Difference formulas: For bright and dark fringes.

    Chapter 11

    • de Broglie Wavelength: Wavelength of a particle, related to its momentum.
    • Photon Energy: Energy of a photon related to its frequency and wavelength (E=hv=hc/λ.)
    • Photoelectric Effect: Emission of electrons from a material when light shines on it.
    • Ryderberg constant: Fundamental constant in atomic physics

    Chapter 12

    • Units and Dimensions: Units and associated dimensions of different physical quantities.
    • Magnetic field units: Tesla (T).
    • Magnetic pole moment: Unit: A-m

    Chapter 13

    • Inductance: (L). Unit: Henry (H)
    • Reactance: (X). Unit: Ohms
    • Impedance: (Z): Unit: Ohms
    • Refractive index: A dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given medium.

    Chapter 14

    • N-type/P-type semiconductors: Materials with differing electron properties.
    • Diodes/Transistors: Electronic devices
    • Binary Numbers: Base-2 numbering system.
    • Logic Gates: AND/OR/NOT etc. logical operations.
    • Radioactivity/decay constant: Formula for decay rate etc.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts in physics from Chapter 1 and 2, focusing on electrostatics, including Coulomb's Law, electric field intensity, and ohm's law. Test your understanding of electric flux, dipole moments, and the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Ideal for students looking to strengthen their foundational knowledge in electricity and magnetism.

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