Physics Chapter on Gas Laws and States of Matter

Study Notes

States that the product of volume and pressure is constant for a specific mass of gas at a fixed temperature.
Describes the inverse relationship between volume and pressure of a gas.
Key equation: pV=k, where p is pressure, V is volume and k is a constant.

Solid: Has a fixed shape and volume, strong attractive forces, and vibrates only in position.
Liquid: Doesn't have a fixed shape but has a fixed volume, weaker attractive forces, and moves freely but stays close together.
Gas: Has no fixed shape or volume, small attractive force, moves freely, and exists as loosely packed neutral molecules or atoms.
Plasma: Has no fixed shape or volume, contains positive nuclei and negative electrons, and exists as a state of matter with free ions.

Opposite charges are attracted to each other, hence the attraction forces occur when atoms come close to each other.
Repulsion occurs when electron clouds of molecules touch.
Cohesive forces: are attractions between like molecules.

Intermolecular forces are responsible for the aggregation of molecules in gases, liquids, and solids.
Induced dipole-induced dipole or dispersion forces (London forces):
- occur between non-polar molecules.
- induced polarity arises due to the asymmetry of electron distribution around the nucleus.
- bond energy is 1-7 kcal/mole.

Occurs between a molecule containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom like Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen.
A type of intermolecular force.
The bond energy is about (1-7) kcal/mole, which makes it a relatively strong type of intermolecular force.