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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes plasma from other states of matter?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes plasma from other states of matter?
- It is composed of tightly packed molecules.
- It is a highly ionized gas containing free ions and electrons. (correct)
- It exists only at extremely high pressures.
- It has a definite shape and volume.
Which of the following correctly represents Boyle's Law?
Which of the following correctly represents Boyle's Law?
- P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
- P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
- P₂ = P₁ + V₂
- P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (correct)
What happens to gas molecules when they undergo diffusion?
What happens to gas molecules when they undergo diffusion?
- They spread out to fill their container completely. (correct)
- They convert into liquid under pressure.
- They become tightly packed in a defined shape.
- They escape through small openings into vacuum spaces.
What is the pressure exerted by gas molecules due to?
What is the pressure exerted by gas molecules due to?
If the initial volume of a gas is 10 L and its initial pressure is 4 atm, what will be its final volume if the pressure is increased to 8 atm, assuming temperature remains constant?
If the initial volume of a gas is 10 L and its initial pressure is 4 atm, what will be its final volume if the pressure is increased to 8 atm, assuming temperature remains constant?
Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?
Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?
What does it mean when gas molecules experience elastic collisions?
What does it mean when gas molecules experience elastic collisions?
At what temperature condition does Bose-Einstein Condensate form?
At what temperature condition does Bose-Einstein Condensate form?
How is pressure defined in terms of force?
How is pressure defined in terms of force?
Given that 1 atm equals 760 mmHg, what would be the equivalent pressure in mmHg for 2 atm?
Given that 1 atm equals 760 mmHg, what would be the equivalent pressure in mmHg for 2 atm?
Flashcards
Matter
Matter
Everything that occupies space and has mass.
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Solid, Liquid, Gas
The most common states of matter, characterized by distinct properties.
Plasma
Plasma
A highly ionized gas, composed of free ions and electrons.
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Gas Properties
Gas Properties
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Effusion
Effusion
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Gas Pressure
Gas Pressure
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Boyle's Law
Boyle's Law
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Pressure
Pressure
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Study Notes
States of Matter
- Matter is everything that occupies space.
- Matter exists in different physical states: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate.
- Solids, Liquids, and Gases are the most common states of matter.
- Plasma is a highly ionized gas, composed of free ions and electrons.
- Plasma is prevalent in stars, lightning, and fluorescent lights.
- Bose-Einstein Condensate is the fifth state of matter, formed at extremely low temperatures.
Properties of Gases
- Gas molecules are far apart and move constantly.
- Gas molecules experience elastic collisions, conserving their kinetic energy.
- Diffusion: Gas molecules spread out to fill their container due to their free movement.
- Effusion: Gas molecules escape through small holes into a vacuum.
- Gas molecules exert pressure due to their collisions with the container walls.
- Boyle's Law: At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
- Pressure is the force applied per unit area.
Units of Pressure
- Pressure is measured in Pascals (Pa) in the International System of Units (SI).
- Other pressure units include atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and torr.
- 1 atm = 101325 Pa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr.
Boyle's Law Example
- Boyle's Law states: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
- P₁ = Initial pressure
- V₁ = Initial volume
- P₂ = Final pressure
- V₂ = Final volume
- If a gas's initial pressure is 3 atm and volume is 5 L, and the pressure is reduced to 2 atm, then the final volume will be 7.5 L.
Units of Volume
- Volume is frequently expressed in liters (L) or milliliters (mL).
- Other units include cubic meters (m³) and cubic centimeters (cm³).
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