Questions and Answers
What is momentum (p)?
What is the momentum equation?
p = mv
Momentum dimensions and units are described as _____ x _____ / time.
mass, length
What does the Impulse-Momentum Theorem describe?
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What is impulse?
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What is the impulse equation?
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What is the Force Equation Using Momentum?
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What is the Conservation of Momentum Equation?
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What characterizes a perfectly inelastic collision?
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What is the equation for a perfectly inelastic collision?
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Kinetic energy is conserved in inelastic collisions.
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An elastic collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy.
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What happens in a perfectly inelastic collision?
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What happens in an elastic collision?
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What happens in an inelastic collision?
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Study Notes
Momentum and Collisions
- Momentum (p) is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
- The momentum formula is expressed as p = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
- The theorem states that the force applied over a time interval results in a change in momentum: FΔt = Δp.
- This can also be written as FΔt = mvf - mvi.
Impulse
- Impulse is the product of force and the time the force is applied, measured in Newton-seconds or kilogram-meters per second (N∙s = kg∙m/s).
Force and Momentum
- The force equation using momentum is expressed as F = Δp/Δt, indicating that force equals the change in momentum divided by the time interval.
Conservation of Momentum
- The conservation of momentum principle states that the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum: Pa,i + Pb,i = Pa,f + Pb,f or m₁v₁i + m₂v₂i = m₁v₁f + m₂v₂f.
Collisions
- Perfectly Inelastic Collision: Involves two objects sticking together post-collision, with momentum conserved but kinetic energy not conserved: m₁v₁i + m₂v₂i = (m₁ + m₂)vf.
- Elastic Collision: Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. Objects bounce and separate after colliding: m₁v₁i + m₂v₂i = m₁v₁f + m₂v₂f and ½m₁v₁i² + ½m₂v₂i² = ½m₁v₁f² + ½m₂v₂f².
Key Differences in Collisions
- In perfectly inelastic collisions, objects stick together and share a common velocity after collision, conserving momentum but losing kinetic energy.
- In elastic collisions, objects bounce off each other, keeping both momentum and kinetic energy intact.
- Inelastic collisions result in deformation where kinetic energy decreases, but momentum remains conserved, and objects move separately afterward.
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Description
Test your knowledge on momentum and collisions with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as the momentum equation, dimensions and units of momentum, and the impulse-momentum theorem. Perfect for reviewing Physics Chapter 6.
