Physics: Momentum and Collisions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does P equal in momentum?

mv

Is momentum a vector quantity?

True

What is the SI unit of momentum?

kg*m/s

A change in momentum takes ______ and _________

<p>force, time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impulse momentum theorem?

<p>F(delta)t=mvf-mvi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is F(delta)t equal to?

<p>m(delta)v</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is impulse?

<p>the product of a force and the interval of time over which the force acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

To protect people in collisions, should time increase or decrease?

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conservation of momentum formula?

<p>m1v1+m2v2=m1v1f+m2v2f</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does total initial momentum equal total final momentum?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an isolated system, total momentum is ___________

<p>conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an isolated system, is total momentum conserved in all collisions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an isolated system, is individual momentum conserved?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

For objects pushing away from each other, final momenta are ________ and __________

<p>equal, opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conservation of momentum follows from _____________

<p>Newton's 3rd Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is F1 equal to?

<p>-F2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does F1(delta)t equal?

<p>-F2(delta)t</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a perfectly inelastic collision?

<p>a collision in which 2 objects stick together after colliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

In perfectly inelastic collisions, do objects have different final velocities?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In perfectly inelastic collisions, m1v1+m2v2 equals what?

<p>(m1+m2)vf</p> Signup and view all the answers

In perfectly inelastic collisions, will total kinetic energy increase or decrease?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is kinetic energy conserved in perfectly inelastic collisions?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an elastic collision?

<p>a collision in which the total momentum and the total kinetic energy are conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are most collisions elastic?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are most collisions perfectly inelastic?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is kinetic energy conserved in elastic collisions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is kinetic energy conserved in inelastic collisions?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In elastic collisions, what does (1/2)m1v1^2+(1/2)m2v2^2 equal?

<p>(1/2)m1v1f^2+m2v2f^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is momentum conserved in all collisions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two things do not stick and kinetic energy is not conserved, what type of collision is it?

<p>inelastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of an object's mass and its velocity?

<p>momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the momentum of an object change if the object's velocity doubles?

<p>doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can determine the magnitude of the change in an object's momentum?

<p>force and time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are most collisions inelastic?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an inelastic material is in a collision, is some of the work done to deform the material converted to other forms of energy?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Momentum Basics

  • Momentum (P) is calculated as the product of mass (m) and velocity (v): P = mv.
  • Momentum is a vector quantity, indicating it has both magnitude and direction aligned with velocity.
  • The SI unit of momentum is kilograms times meters per second (kg*m/s).

Impulse and Force

  • A change in momentum requires both force and time.
  • The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse (F * Δt) is equal to the change in momentum (mv_f - mv_i).
  • Impulse is defined as the product of force and the time interval during which it acts on an object.

Collision Safety

  • To enhance safety during collisions, the time over which a collision occurs should be maximized.

Conservation of Momentum

  • The conservation of momentum formula is represented as m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1f + m2v2f.
  • In an isolated system, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum, which is conserved in all collisions.
  • Individual momentum, however, is not conserved within isolated systems.

Collision Types

  • For objects that push away from each other post-collision, their final momenta are equal and opposite.
  • Conservation of momentum arises from Newton's third law of motion.

Inelastic and Elastic Collisions

  • A perfectly inelastic collision occurs when two objects stick together after colliding; they share the same final velocity.
  • In these collisions, the total kinetic energy decreases, indicating that kinetic energy (KE) is not conserved.
  • Most real-world collisions are inelastic, which means some kinetic energy is transformed into other energy forms during deformation.

Characteristics of Collisions

  • An elastic collision allows for the conservation of both total momentum and kinetic energy.
  • In elastic collisions, the equation (1/2)m1v1^2 + (1/2)m2v2^2 = (1/2)m1v1f^2 + (1/2)m2v2f^2 holds true.
  • When two objects collide without sticking together and kinetic energy is not conserved, it is classified as an inelastic collision.

Momentum Changes

  • When an object's velocity doubles, its momentum also doubles.
  • The magnitude of change in an object's momentum is influenced by the force applied and the time interval over which it is applied.

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Test your understanding of momentum and collisions with these flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts, definitions, and theorems related to momentum in physics. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in a concise way.

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