Questions and Answers
What does P equal in momentum?
mv
Is momentum a vector quantity?
True
What is the SI unit of momentum?
kg*m/s
A change in momentum takes ______ and _________
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What is the impulse momentum theorem?
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What is F(delta)t equal to?
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What is impulse?
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To protect people in collisions, should time increase or decrease?
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What is the conservation of momentum formula?
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Does total initial momentum equal total final momentum?
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In an isolated system, total momentum is ___________
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In an isolated system, is total momentum conserved in all collisions?
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In an isolated system, is individual momentum conserved?
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For objects pushing away from each other, final momenta are ________ and __________
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Conservation of momentum follows from _____________
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What is F1 equal to?
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What does F1(delta)t equal?
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What is a perfectly inelastic collision?
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In perfectly inelastic collisions, do objects have different final velocities?
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In perfectly inelastic collisions, m1v1+m2v2 equals what?
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In perfectly inelastic collisions, will total kinetic energy increase or decrease?
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Is kinetic energy conserved in perfectly inelastic collisions?
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What is an elastic collision?
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Are most collisions elastic?
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Are most collisions perfectly inelastic?
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Is kinetic energy conserved in elastic collisions?
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Is kinetic energy conserved in inelastic collisions?
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In elastic collisions, what does (1/2)m1v1^2+(1/2)m2v2^2 equal?
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Is momentum conserved in all collisions?
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If two things do not stick and kinetic energy is not conserved, what type of collision is it?
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What is the product of an object's mass and its velocity?
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How does the momentum of an object change if the object's velocity doubles?
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What can determine the magnitude of the change in an object's momentum?
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Are most collisions inelastic?
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When an inelastic material is in a collision, is some of the work done to deform the material converted to other forms of energy?
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Study Notes
Momentum Basics
- Momentum (P) is calculated as the product of mass (m) and velocity (v): P = mv.
- Momentum is a vector quantity, indicating it has both magnitude and direction aligned with velocity.
- The SI unit of momentum is kilograms times meters per second (kg*m/s).
Impulse and Force
- A change in momentum requires both force and time.
- The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse (F * Δt) is equal to the change in momentum (mv_f - mv_i).
- Impulse is defined as the product of force and the time interval during which it acts on an object.
Collision Safety
- To enhance safety during collisions, the time over which a collision occurs should be maximized.
Conservation of Momentum
- The conservation of momentum formula is represented as m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1f + m2v2f.
- In an isolated system, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum, which is conserved in all collisions.
- Individual momentum, however, is not conserved within isolated systems.
Collision Types
- For objects that push away from each other post-collision, their final momenta are equal and opposite.
- Conservation of momentum arises from Newton's third law of motion.
Inelastic and Elastic Collisions
- A perfectly inelastic collision occurs when two objects stick together after colliding; they share the same final velocity.
- In these collisions, the total kinetic energy decreases, indicating that kinetic energy (KE) is not conserved.
- Most real-world collisions are inelastic, which means some kinetic energy is transformed into other energy forms during deformation.
Characteristics of Collisions
- An elastic collision allows for the conservation of both total momentum and kinetic energy.
- In elastic collisions, the equation (1/2)m1v1^2 + (1/2)m2v2^2 = (1/2)m1v1f^2 + (1/2)m2v2f^2 holds true.
- When two objects collide without sticking together and kinetic energy is not conserved, it is classified as an inelastic collision.
Momentum Changes
- When an object's velocity doubles, its momentum also doubles.
- The magnitude of change in an object's momentum is influenced by the force applied and the time interval over which it is applied.
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