Physics and Human Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What best describes inertia?

  • The property of matter that resists changes in motion. (correct)
  • The force that accelerates an object.
  • The tendency of an object to change its motion.
  • The reaction force experienced by a moving object.

Which of the following statements accurately represents Newton's second law?

  • An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon.
  • Force equals mass times acceleration. (correct)
  • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
  • Velocity equals acceleration divided by mass.

Which class of lever is represented by a seesaw?

  • Fourth Class
  • Third Class
  • Second Class
  • First Class (correct)

Which of the following is an example of an internal force?

<p>Muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of angular motion?

<p>Rotation around an axis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of human growth and development, what does the cognitive component refer to?

<p>Development of self-awareness and information processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sequence of growth that describes the development from head to toe?

<p>Cephalocaudal sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of lever is characterized by the load being between the fulcrum and the effort?

<p>Second Class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the emotional component of human growth and development emphasize?

<p>Management and regulation of emotions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of human development is characterized by the fastest growth?

<p>Infancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing human development?

<p>Environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant developmental milestone typically begins during puberty?

<p>Reproductive organ development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as crucial for healthy development during middle childhood?

<p>Unstructured, imaginative play (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological change is NOT typically associated with aging in adulthood?

<p>Improved oxygen capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of Fitts and Posner’s motor learning model?

<p>Cognitive stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of body movements develop earlier according to the proximodistal sequence?

<p>Movements from the center to the extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the preparation phase in executing a skill?

<p>To prepare the body for skill execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback focuses on the outcome of an action?

<p>Knowledge of results (KR) feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coaching style is characterized by high expectations and strict discipline?

<p>Authoritarian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of the business-like coaching style?

<p>Lacks emotional connection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the execution phase in skill performance?

<p>Generating momentum with the correct technique. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coaching style might lead to resentment due to overuse?

<p>Authoritarian (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feedback type involves watching an athlete's performance to provide suggestions for improvement?

<p>Knowledge of performance (KP) feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the intense coaching style?

<p>Pushes boundaries and demands high performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the associative stage of skill acquisition?

<p>Learners develop awareness of mistakes and refine their skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the 'in the zone' state in sports performance?

<p>Heightened focus and awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates intrinsic motivation from extrinsic motivation?

<p>Intrinsic motivation provides personal satisfaction, while extrinsic comes from material rewards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the relative age effect (RAE) influence success in sports?

<p>It indicates a statistical trend favoring those born in the early part of the year. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ergonomics in sports and exercise?

<p>Improving workspace and tool designs to reduce injury and enhance efficiency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does cognitive skill development differ from the associative skill stage?

<p>Cognitive skills often lack physical integration with body movements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological tool is commonly used to enhance performance in sports?

<p>Visualization techniques. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do athletes demonstrate skills automatically without conscious thought?

<p>Autonomous stage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT contribute to stability in sports?

<p>Speed of Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on the sequential recruitment of muscle groups?

<p>Production of Maximum Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an athlete increase their jump distance in long jump?

<p>By extending the duration of force application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of lowering the center of gravity on balance?

<p>It improves balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for achieving maximum velocity in sports?

<p>Sequentially moving body parts from largest to smallest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about impulse and momentum is correct?

<p>Momentum is the product of mass and velocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application demonstrates the principle of direction of force?

<p>Sprinting with force directed backward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major con of a relaxed and adaptable approach to performance in sports?

<p>Potential for stress and burnout (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's Second Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. (F = ma)

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Qualitative Analysis

Description of movement without numbers. Focuses on observations and descriptions.

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Quantitative Analysis

Measurement and analysis of movement using numbers. Focuses on data and measurements.

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First Class Lever

The fulcrum is between the load and the effort. Example: Seesaw.

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Second Class Lever

The load is between the fulcrum and the effort. Example: Wheelbarrow.

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Third Class Lever

The effort is between the load and the fulcrum. Example: Biceps curl.

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Cephalocaudal Sequence

Growth progresses from head to toe, with the head developing first.

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Proximodistal Sequence

Development occurs from the center of the body outwards.

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Infancy/Toddler Growth

The fastest growth period in humans, characterized by rapid head and chest development, bone hardening, and significant motor skill development.

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Middle Childhood Growth

A period of stabilizing growth with a focus on developing motor skills, but presenting challenges in organizing activities due to diverse developmental levels.

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Puberty/Adolescence Growth

A stage of rapid physical and psychological changes triggered by hormones, leading to development of reproductive organs and social and behavioral adjustments.

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Adulthood Growth

The stage of completed physical growth, with gradual changes occurring due to aging, including weight gain, reduced oxygen capacity, and weakening joints.

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Fitts & Posner's Stage 1: Cognitive

The initial learning phase where beginners focus on understanding the task and making frequent errors.

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Fitts & Posner's Model

A model used to understand how people learn skills, focusing on three stages: cognitive, associative, and autonomous.

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Cognitive Stage of Skill Learning

The initial stage of skill development where the learner focuses on understanding the basic concepts and movements. It's characterized by frequent errors and a lack of fluidity.

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Associative Stage of Skill Learning

The intermediate stage of skill development where the learner refines their skills, reducing errors through practice and feedback. They develop a better understanding of the skill's mechanics.

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Autonomous Stage of Skill Learning

The advanced stage of skill development where the learner can perform the skill automatically and with little conscious effort. They have mastered the movement and can focus on strategy and tactics.

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Sport Psychology

The study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by and affect their participation in sports.

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In the Zone

A state of optimal performance characterized by intense focus, heightened awareness, and a sense of flow. Athletes are highly focused and perform at their peak.

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Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by external rewards, such as trophies, prizes, or recognition from others.

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Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by internal factors, such as personal satisfaction, enjoyment, and a sense of accomplishment.

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Relative Age Effect (RAE)

A statistical phenomenon where athletes born earlier in the year often tend to be overrepresented in elite sporting ranks compared to those born later in the year.

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Preparation Phase

The initial stage of movement where the body prepares for the skill. Proper preparation ensures the skill is performed as intended.

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Execution Phase

The core of the movement where momentum is generated and the correct technique is applied to execute the skill. The main action is performed by applying the right amount of force at the crucial moment.

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Follow-Through Phase

The final stage of movement that contributes to accuracy and force production. It helps maintain control and ensures a smooth transition after the main action.

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Knowledge of Results (KR) Feedback

Feedback based on the outcome of an action or series of actions. It analyzes whether the action succeeded or failed.

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Knowledge of Performance (KP) Feedback

Feedback that analyzes the technique or execution of a skill. It suggests improvements for balance, explosive movements, or accuracy.

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Authoritarian Coaching Style

A style that emphasizes strict discipline, control, and high expectations. The coach makes most decisions with limited input from the team.

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Business-like Coaching Style

A style that prioritizes professionalism, organization, and goal-oriented strategies. Interactions are formal and focused on performance.

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Nice Guy/Gal Coaching Style

A style that emphasizes kindness, empathy, and building relationships with team members. It fosters trust, loyalty, and a positive environment.

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What is Stability in Biomechanics?

The ability of a body to resist forces that cause it to lose balance or equilibrium.

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How does Base of Support Affect Stability?

A wider base of support increases stability because it provides a larger area for distributing forces and resisting tipping.

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How does Center of Gravity Impact Balance?

Lowering your center of gravity makes it easier to maintain balance because it brings the line of gravity closer to the base of support.

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How is Maximum Force Produced?

By coordinating muscle contractions from larger to smaller muscles, maximizing the power generated for a movement.

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What is the Key to Maximum Velocity?

The sequential movement of body parts, starting with the largest and slowest muscles, transferring momentum to the smallest and fastest.

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How does Impulse Affect Momentum?

Impulse, a force applied over time, changes an object's momentum (mass × velocity). Increasing the force application time increases momentum change.

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How does Force Direction Matter?

For efficient movement, the force should be applied in the direction of the desired motion.

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What is the Relationship Between Momentum and Force Application?

The longer the force is applied, the greater the change in momentum. This means that more momentum can be gained by applying a force over a longer period of time.

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Study Notes

Newton's Laws

  • Inertia: An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force. Inertia is the property of matter that resists changes in motion.
  • Law of Acceleration: Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). A greater force will lead to greater acceleration.
  • Law of Action-Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When a force is applied, an equal and opposite force is generated.

Qualitative/Quantitative Analysis

  • Qualitative: Non-numerical analysis (e.g., observing technique).
  • Quantitative: Numerical analysis (e.g., measuring speed or force).

Levers

  • First Class: Fulcrum between load and effort (e.g., seesaw).
  • Second Class: Load between fulcrum and effort (e.g., wheelbarrow).
  • Third Class: Effort between load and fulcrum (e.g., biceps curl).

Internal/External Forces

  • Internal: Forces within the body (e.g., muscle contraction).
  • External: Forces outside the body (e.g., gravity, friction).

Linear/Angular Motion

  • Linear Motion: Movement along a straight or curved path.
  • Angular Motion: Rotation around an axis.

Human Growth and Development Factors

  • Cephalocaudal Sequence: Growth progresses first in the head, followed by the rest of the body.
  • Proximodistal Sequence: Body movements originate close to the center of the body first.
  • Glandular and Hormonal Activity: Glands produce and release hormones.
  • Heredity: Transmission of genetic characteristics.
  • Nutrition and Diet: Impacts growth and development significantly.
  • Physical Activity: Crucial for achieving and maintaining healthy development.
  • Sociocultural Factors: Cultural and social factors influence development.

Stages of Human Development

  • Infancy/Toddler: Rapid growth and development of brain, heart and lungs. Major developments are the appearance of motor skills (crawling, grasping, walking, running).
  • Childhood: Middle childhood involves stabilizing growth rate with developing motor skills. Unstructured, imaginative play is crucial for healthy development.
  • Puberty/Adolescence: Hormone changes impacting physical and reproductive organs and a time characterized by psychological adjustment and social interaction.
  • Adulthood: Physical changes continue but overall growth has stopped.

Fitts and Posner's Motor Learning Model

  • 1. Cognitive: Beginners gain basic understanding of the task.
  • 2. Associative: Intermediate stage where refined skills are developed.
  • 3. Autonomous: Skill becomes automatic/mature.

Sport Psychology

  • Sport Psychology: Study of how people think, feel, and behave in sport. Sport psychologists use tools to improve athletic performance.
  • Extrinsic Motivation: Motivation from material rewards (e.g., trophies).
  • Intrinsic Motivation: Motivation from self-oriented rewards (e.g., personal satisfaction).
  • Relative Age Effect: Success slightly higher for those born during the first half of the year.

Ergonomics

  • Designing workspaces or tools to improve efficiency and reduce injury.

Phases of Movement

  • Preparation: Preparing the body to perform a skill correctly.
  • Execution: Generating momentum & applying the correct technique.
  • Follow-Through: Crucial for accuracy & force production.

Coaching Styles

  • Authoritarian: Focuses on strict discipline, control, and high expectations.
  • Business-like: Prioritizes professionalism, organization, and goal-oriented strategies.
  • Nice Guy/Gal: Emphasizes kindness, empathy, and building relationships.
  • Intense: Focuses on pushing boundaries & achieving excellence.
  • Easy-Going: Relaxed and adaptable, aiming to create a positive and enjoyable experience.

Sports Biomechanics (Stability)

  • Base of Support: Wider base = greater stability
  • Center of Gravity: Lower center of gravity = greater stability
  • Line of Gravity: Line of gravity within the base of support = stability.

Sports Biomechanics (Production of Maximum Force)

  • Coordination: All relevant muscles work together.
  • Sequential Recruitment: Muscles are recruited in a specific order (larger to smaller).
  • Kinetic Chain: Efficient transfer of momentum through the body.
  • Application Examples: Weightlifting, throwing.

Sports Biomechanics (Production of Maximum Velocity)

  • Sequential Movement: Precise order of body part movement.
  • Momentum Transfer: Efficient movement of momentum from one body part to the next.
  • Application Example: Pitching in baseball .

Sports Biomechanics (Impulse-Momentum Relationship)

  • Impulse: Force applied over time.
  • Momentum: Mass × velocity.
  • Application Example: Long jump - maximize force application time.

Sports Biomechanics (Direction of Force Application)

  • Desired Motion: Force should be applied in the direction of the desired motion.
  • Application Example: Sprinting - pushing off the ground in the direction of forward motion.

Sports Biomechanics (Angular Motion)

  • Torque: Force applied at a distance from the axis of rotation.
  • Application Example: Spinning and flipping in sports like diving.

Sports Biomechanics (Conservation of Angular Momentum)

  • Constant Momentum: Angular momentum remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque.
  • Application Example: Figure skating - adjusting body position to change rotational speed.

KR/KP Feedback

  • Knowledge of Results (KR): Feedback based on outcome of an action/sequence.
  • Knowledge of Performance (KP): Feedback on actual technique/performance of a skill.

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Description

Test your knowledge on critical concepts in physics and human development. This quiz covers topics such as inertia, Newton's laws, and the various stages of human growth. Ideal for students studying physics and developmental psychology.

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