Physical Training Among Tarahumara Children
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Questions and Answers

What was the typical resting stance adopted by Humans until the late 15th century in Europe?

  • Lying down
  • Squatting (correct)
  • Sitting with back support
  • Kneeling

    • How much time was spent in a deep squat among modern hunter-gatherers, subsistence farmers, and preindustrialized societies?

  • 40% (correct)
  • 30%
  • 60%
  • 50%

    • What is the main concern associated with prolonged sedentary periods according to the text?

  • Increased sugar uptake
  • Lower fat absorption
  • Reduced uptake of sugar and fat (correct)
  • Reduced water intake

    • During which time period were chairs with back support uncommon?

    <p>Middle Ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sedentary behavior involved sitting with legs out in front?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the maximum duration for sitting behaviors as mentioned in the text?

    <p>45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic response to physical activity described in the text?

    <p>Increased uptake of sugar and fat from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of long periods of inactivity described in the text?

    <p>Increased inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does physical activity affect inflammation according to the text?

    <p>Physical activity induces an inflammatory response, but this is reduced after the activity stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of human physiology described in the text?

    <p>Humans are adapted to be highly energy efficient and do as little physical activity as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key development of the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution described in the text?

    <p>The domestication of animals and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sedentary behavior and inflammation described in the text?

    <p>Sedentary behavior increases inflammation through elevated cytokine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea expressed in the text regarding the impact of sedentary behavior?

    <p>Human physiology is not adapted to sedentary behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the opportunity for some people to engage in less physical activity begin?

    <p>During the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did ancient Chinese and Indian philosophies emphasize regarding physical activity?

    <p>They emphasized movement practices for promoting health and wellbeing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the awareness of the benefits of physical activity throughout human history?

    <p>The benefits of physical activity were widely known and accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the movement practices emphasized in ancient China and India serve as?

    <p>The earliest evidence of the medical specialty that became sports medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criticism of the assertion that the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution led to a mismatch between physiological attributes and physical activity opportunities?

    <p>The criticism argues that subsistence farmers exhibited increased physical activity levels compared to hunter-gatherers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Tarahumara children can regularly outperform their peers in a 10 mile course?

    <p>They have a societal need to engage in long-distance walking, which cultivates their ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure of physical activity is suggested as more useful than body size?

    <p>Physical activity level (PAL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the average daily walking distance for Tarahumara children?

    <p>10 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage suggest is the reason Tarahumara children's daily walking is considered their 'training'?

    <p>Their daily existence of walking long distances is itself the training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the passage?

    <p>The societal factors that influence physical activity levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using Physical Activity Level (PAL) as a measure of physical activity, as opposed to body size?

    <p>PAL is less biased by differences in body size between individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about hunter-gatherer populations and non-human great apes?

    <p>They exhibit similar levels of energy expenditure while foraging for food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the endurance adaptations acquired by humans, according to the text?

    <p>It allows for acquiring more energy at a faster rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Inactivity Mismatch Hypothesis, what is human physiology adapted for?

    <p>Consistent muscle activity throughout the day associated with physical activity and active rest postures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the time spent sitting compare between modern humans and hunter-gatherer populations or non-human great apes?

    <p>The time spent sitting is similar between modern humans, hunter-gatherer populations, and non-human great apes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much more energy is required for sitting with your back against a backrest compared to laying down?

    <p>4% more energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the information provided in the text?

    <p>Modern humans and non-human great apes have different physiological adaptations related to physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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