Unique Abilities in Indigenous Populations

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What is the main reason why individuals from modern societies are unlikely to obtain similar physical capabilities as those found in traditional hunter-gatherer populations?

They do not have the same cultural need or opportunity to specialize in such physical activities. (correct)

They do not have the same genetic makeup as those in traditional populations.

They do not have the same physical training regimes as traditional populations.

They do not have access to the same high-calorie diets as traditional populations.

What does the text suggest about the frequency of individuals exhibiting extraordinary physical capabilities within traditional populations?

Such capabilities are found with equal frequency in both traditional and modern populations.

Such capabilities are found in the majority of individuals within these populations.

Such capabilities are extremely rare and only found in a few select individuals.

Such capabilities are found slightly more frequently in traditional populations than in modern societies. (correct)

What is the primary reason the text gives for why traditional populations are able to exhibit such extraordinary physical capabilities?

They have genetic adaptations that enable them to perform such feats.

They have access to high-calorie diets that provide the necessary energy.

They engage in physical labor and challenges as part of their daily existence. (correct)

They have specialized training regimes that develop their physical abilities.

What does the text suggest about the idea that traditional populations can complete such physical feats without training?

This is a false myth that does not accurately represent their training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference the text suggests between the training and physical activities of traditional populations compared to those in modern western societies?

Traditional populations engage in physical labor and challenges as part of their daily existence, rather than specialized training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key point the text makes about the physical capabilities of individuals within traditional hunter-gatherer populations?

These capabilities are found in only a few select individuals within these populations. Signup and view all the answers

What does Physical Activity Level (PAL) refer to?

The ratio of daily energy expenditure to the energy needed to sustain the body at rest Signup and view all the answers

How does a PAL value below 1.4 get classified by the World Health Organization?

Extremely inactive Signup and view all the answers

In the context of PAL, where would a value between 1.4 and 1.69 be classified?

Sedentary Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for PAL values between 2.0 and 2.4 according to the World Health Organization's framework?

Extremely active Signup and view all the answers

How does a PAL greater than 2.4 get categorized by the World Health Organization?

Extremely active Signup and view all the answers

Why do Tarahumara children not have to take time away from their work/school to engage in exercises?

Their daily existence itself serves as training. Signup and view all the answers

Why do Tarahumara children regularly outperform appropriate peer-comparison populations in a 10 mile course?

Their societal need cultivates a greater ability to engage in the activity. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does using a standard measure of physical activity provide in understanding an evolutionarily normal level of physical activity?

It is unbiased by differences in body size. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of metabolic rate in determining an evolutionarily normal level of physical activity?

Body size matters less than metabolic rate from an energetic perspective. Signup and view all the answers

How does the societal need impact the physical abilities of children in different populations?

It cultivates a greater ability to engage in activities in populations with societal needs. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does walking an average of ten miles a day have on Tarahumara children?

It prepares them to outperform others in a 10 mile course. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health issues are not experienced by non-human great apes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How many hours do non-human great apes typically spend sleeping and engaging in sedentary or light activities?

18-20 hours Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical change is mentioned as a key factor in reducing energetic needs and allowing early humans to forage over larger areas?

Changes in pelvic anatomy for upright bipedal locomotion Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, how far do non-human great apes typically walk or climb in a day?

Less than 3 miles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the activity levels of modern humans compared to hunter-gatherer populations and non-human great apes?

Modern humans are slightly less active than hunter-gatherer populations but more active than non-human great apes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that influenced the early origins of hunting and gathering?

Development of agriculture Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the main advantage of human bipedalism over quadruped locomotion in typical walking/jogging patterns?

Human bipedalism requires only half the energy expenditure as compared to mammalian quadruped locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason suggested in the passage for the evolutionary shift towards bipedalism in humans?

Bipedalism allows for greater endurance activities. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following adaptations do humans possess that support endurance activity?

Greater stride length, heat dissipation, and metabolic adaptations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest is the relationship between the behavioral bias to avoid excess activity and the selection for enhanced efficiency (i.e., endurance)?

The behavioral bias towards sedentary behavior aligns with the selection for endurance, and these adaptations did not overwrite this tendency. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the key point made in the first paragraph?

Quadruped locomotion is more energy efficient than human bipedalism at maximum speeds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence presented in the passage to support the idea that the shift towards bipedalism may have been driven by selection for enhanced endurance?

Humans possess adaptations like greater stride length, heat dissipation, and metabolic adaptations. Signup and view all the answers