Comparing Physical Capabilities of Populations

What is the main advantage of the endurance adaptations that humans have acquired compared to non-human great apes?

Humans can acquire energy at a faster rate than non-human great apes. (correct)
Humans can sit for longer periods of time than non-human great apes.
Humans have become dependent on physical activity unlike non-human great apes.
Humans can forage for food more efficiently than non-human great apes.

According to the passage, how do the sedentary behavior patterns of modern humans differ from those of hunter-gatherers, subsistence farmers, and preindustrialized societies?

Modern humans spend significantly more time in active rest postures compared to these other populations.
Modern humans spend significantly less time sitting compared to these other populations.
Modern humans spend significantly more time sitting compared to these other populations. (correct)
There is no difference in the time spent sitting between modern humans and these other populations.

What is the key difference between the sedentary behavior of humans and non-human great apes according to the passage?

Non-human great apes spend significantly more time in active rest postures than humans.
Humans spend significantly more time sitting than non-human great apes.
Humans have acquired a dependency on physical activity that non-human great apes do not have. (correct)
Non-human great apes spend significantly more time in sedentary or very light activity than humans.

What is the relationship between the time spent sitting at work and outside of work for modern adults according to the passage?

Those who spend more time sitting at work also tend to spend more time sitting outside of work. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy expenditure difference between sitting with a back rest and lying down according to the passage?

Sitting with a back rest requires 4% more energy than lying down. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key hypothesis presented in the passage regarding human physiology and physical activity?

The Inactivity Mismatch Hypothesis, which states that human physiology is adapted for more consistent muscle activity throughout the day. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What logical fallacy is mentioned in the text?

Truthiness (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group is renown for their free-diving abilities?

Bajau in South-East Asia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What physical adaptation is mentioned in the Sherpa populations?

Greater capillary density (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as problematic when comparing certain populations with industrialized societies?

Population-level differences reflecting environmental adaptations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the myth of the Athletic Early Human rely upon?

Truthiness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect of the physical capabilities of early humans that the text emphasizes as not representative of most populations?

Extreme feats without training (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary benefit of physical activity in combating excess energy storage?

It increases the uptake of sugar and fat from the bloodstream during and after activity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of long periods of inactivity, according to the passage?

It triggers an inflammatory response, resulting in damage to tissues in various organs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary physiological adaptation of the human body related to physical activity?

Increased energy efficiency, allowing for greater conservation of energy during periods of inactivity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between physical activity and inflammation, according to the passage?

Physical activity can induce an inflammatory response, but it is followed by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing chronic inflammation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information in the passage, which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution on human physical activity levels?

It led to a decrease in physical activity levels due to the transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a more sedentary, agricultural settlement. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary basis for human physical activity levels?

Human physiologic systems are adapted for low levels of physical activity, reflecting an evolutionary bias towards energy efficiency. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why individuals in western societies are unlikely to obtain similar capabilities as those observed in certain indigenous populations?

They lack the cultural need and opportunity to specialize in such feats. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the frequency of individuals exhibiting extraordinary physical capabilities within the indigenous populations?

It is slightly more frequent than in typical western societies. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the training required for individuals to achieve such extraordinary physical feats?

The training is a result of the daily physical and psychological challenges of their lifestyle. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the observation that Tarahumara athletes can exhibit energy expenditures exceeding 10,000 kcal during a 24-hour period?

It highlights the remarkable physical abilities of a few select individuals within the Tarahumara population. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of the statement that "such myths falsely embrace the idea that these populations complete such feats without training"?

The daily activities and challenges faced by these populations provide the necessary training to develop such specialized abilities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the perspective on training between the indigenous populations described and typical western societies?

The indigenous populations view training as a means of survival and daily life, while western societies view training as a separate activity for athletic performance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the text suggests that human physiology requires physical activity as an important regulatory stimulus?

The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution led to a mismatch between human physiology and physical activity levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the physical activity levels of subsistence farmers and hunter-gatherers mentioned in the text?

The text does not provide any information about the relative physical activity levels of subsistence farmers and hunter-gatherers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest evidence mentioned in the text of the medical specialty that would become sports medicine?

Philosophies from ancient China and India that emphasized movement practices. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of some within a community being able to engage in less physical activity following the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution?

It led to increased physical activity levels for others within the community. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point made in the text about the negative impacts of sedentary behavior?

Sedentary behavior makes it clear that human physiology uses physical activity as an important regulatory stimulus. (A) Signup and view all the answers