Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary purposes of collecting a patient's history during an initial observation?
What is one of the primary purposes of collecting a patient's history during an initial observation?
Which of the following functional outcome measures is specifically designed for lower extremity function?
Which of the following functional outcome measures is specifically designed for lower extremity function?
When is a screening exam deemed necessary?
When is a screening exam deemed necessary?
What is the primary focus of the movement analysis during the examination?
What is the primary focus of the movement analysis during the examination?
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In the context of range of motion assessment, what does 'end-feel' refer to?
In the context of range of motion assessment, what does 'end-feel' refer to?
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What does a Positive Likelihood Ratio (LR) greater than 10 indicate in probability assessment?
What does a Positive Likelihood Ratio (LR) greater than 10 indicate in probability assessment?
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In the context of sensitivity and specificity, what does a high sensitivity indicate?
In the context of sensitivity and specificity, what does a high sensitivity indicate?
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Which condition is associated with an increased risk in breech births and has a genetic component?
Which condition is associated with an increased risk in breech births and has a genetic component?
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What is indicated by a Negative Likelihood Ratio (LR) between 0.1 and 0.2?
What is indicated by a Negative Likelihood Ratio (LR) between 0.1 and 0.2?
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Which of the following findings during a structural inspection suggests a potential issue with lymph nodes or internal organs?
Which of the following findings during a structural inspection suggests a potential issue with lymph nodes or internal organs?
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What might you observe in a patient with right gluteal weakness?
What might you observe in a patient with right gluteal weakness?
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What does the presence of atrophy of the gluteals indicate during a musculoskeletal examination?
What does the presence of atrophy of the gluteals indicate during a musculoskeletal examination?
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What is one of the key features of severe cases of developmental hip dysplasia identified at birth?
What is one of the key features of severe cases of developmental hip dysplasia identified at birth?
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What is the capsular pattern for the hip joint?
What is the capsular pattern for the hip joint?
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Which position corresponds with the loose-packed position of the tibiofemoral joint?
Which position corresponds with the loose-packed position of the tibiofemoral joint?
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What is the primary end-feel for flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
What is the primary end-feel for flexion at the tibiofemoral joint?
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In the evaluation of the patellofemoral joint, what position is noted for full extension?
In the evaluation of the patellofemoral joint, what position is noted for full extension?
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Which joint demonstrates flexion greater than extension in its capsular pattern?
Which joint demonstrates flexion greater than extension in its capsular pattern?
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What is the capsular pattern for the subtalar joint?
What is the capsular pattern for the subtalar joint?
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For the metatarsophalangeal joint, what is the expected end-feel for extension?
For the metatarsophalangeal joint, what is the expected end-feel for extension?
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What defines the loose-packed position for the talocrural joint?
What defines the loose-packed position for the talocrural joint?
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What is the limitation observed in the capsular pattern for the tarsometatarsal joint?
What is the limitation observed in the capsular pattern for the tarsometatarsal joint?
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What is the most limited movement in the capsular pattern of the hip joint?
What is the most limited movement in the capsular pattern of the hip joint?
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy II - Lower Extremity Pathologies
- Course information: PT 892, Fall 2024, LIU Brooklyn School of Health Professions, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program.
- Course instructors include: Michael Masaracchio, PT, DPT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Associate Professor and Chair, and others.
- Faculty members also include: Clinical Director Masefield and Cavallaro Physical Therapy, President of CM OrthoSports Inc., Vice-President of APTA New York, Vice Chair of ACAPT, and APTA Education Leadership Fellowship, class of 2022.
Bony Anatomy of the Hip
- Hip (coxal) bone is structured from the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- Ilium has key landmarks: ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, ischial spine, tuberosity.
- Pubis includes superior/inferior pubic ramus, pubic tubercle
- Acetabulum comprises cartilage and labrum for congruence and proprioception.
- Femur includes head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, intertrochanteric line, crest, linea aspera, pectineal line.
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Hip
- Iliofemoral ligament restricts hyperextension/abduction and supports upright posture
- Ischiofemoral ligament restricts excessive hip ER
- Pubofemoral ligament restricts hip hyperextension/abduction and excessive ER
- Ligamentum teres restricts excessive ER during hip flexion (MRI).
Muscles of the Anterior Thigh
- Iliopsoas: hip flexion
- Rectus femoris: hip flexion
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedialis
- Vastus medialis
- Sartorius
Muscles of the Medial Thigh
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
Muscles of the Posterior Hip
- Gluteus maximus: hip extension and external rotation
- Gluteus medius: hip abduction and internal rotation
- Gluteus minimus: hip abduction and internal rotation stabilizer
- Piriformis:
- Superior gemellus: ER and abduction in 90° flexion
- Obturator internus: ER and abduction in 90° flexion
- Inferior gemellus: ER
- Quadratus femoris: ER, possible adduction
Neurovascular Anatomy
- Lumbar plexus (L1-L4): ventral rami, major nerve roots, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves.
- Sacrococcygeal plexus (L4-S4): cluneal nerves, superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, nerve to the obturator internus, nerve to the quadratus femoris, sciatic nerve, and pudendal nerve.
Examination
- Includes review of patient history, radiographic/other information, functional outcome measures (LEFS, KOS, FAAM);
- Screening exam (when coming from spine): movement analysis (squat, step down, lateral step down, gait), bridge with leg extension test, pelvic tilt test, Active Range of Motion (AROM), Passive Range of Motion (PROM), and resistive tests (MMT).
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in physical therapy assessments, including patient history, functional measures, screening exams, and movement analysis. This quiz is essential for those studying or practicing in the field of rehabilitation and physical therapy.
