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Questions and Answers
What is weight a measure of?
What is weight a measure of?
A chemical change can be easily reversed.
A chemical change can be easily reversed.
False
List three examples of physical changes.
List three examples of physical changes.
Slicing bread, ice cream melting, plate breaking
The four phases of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and ______.
The four phases of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and ______.
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Which of the following is NOT an intensive property?
Which of the following is NOT an intensive property?
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Match the following phase changes with their definitions:
Match the following phase changes with their definitions:
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What are three examples of chemical changes?
What are three examples of chemical changes?
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Intensive properties change when the amount of substance changes.
Intensive properties change when the amount of substance changes.
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What is the conversion of kilo to grams?
What is the conversion of kilo to grams?
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What is the formula for density?
What is the formula for density?
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Goggles should only be worn during experiments involving heat.
Goggles should only be worn during experiments involving heat.
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What are the two branches of physical science?
What are the two branches of physical science?
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To find the density of a regular solid, you divide the volume by the mass.
To find the density of a regular solid, you divide the volume by the mass.
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Anything that has mass and takes up ________ is defined as matter.
Anything that has mass and takes up ________ is defined as matter.
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How do you find the density of an irregular solid?
How do you find the density of an irregular solid?
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Match the following separation techniques with their definitions:
Match the following separation techniques with their definitions:
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Boyle's Law is represented by the formula ___ = P2V2.
Boyle's Law is represented by the formula ___ = P2V2.
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Which of the following are not considered matter?
Which of the following are not considered matter?
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Match the laws with their relationships:
Match the laws with their relationships:
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Elements and compounds are the two types of pure substances.
Elements and compounds are the two types of pure substances.
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What happens to the volume of a gas when its pressure increases, according to Boyle's Law?
What happens to the volume of a gas when its pressure increases, according to Boyle's Law?
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The first action to take if there is an accident in the lab is to ________ the instructor immediately.
The first action to take if there is an accident in the lab is to ________ the instructor immediately.
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Charles's Law states that volume and temperature are directly related for a gas.
Charles's Law states that volume and temperature are directly related for a gas.
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What is the difference between mass and weight?
What is the difference between mass and weight?
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What describes an ionic bond?
What describes an ionic bond?
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The mass number of an isotope is represented by the bottom number in its formula.
The mass number of an isotope is represented by the bottom number in its formula.
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The prefixes for a covalent compound include 1-, 2-, and 3-____.
The prefixes for a covalent compound include 1-, 2-, and 3-____.
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Match the type of bond with its description:
Match the type of bond with its description:
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What represents isotopes?
What represents isotopes?
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Periodic law states that elements listed in order of their atomic numbers fall into groups.
Periodic law states that elements listed in order of their atomic numbers fall into groups.
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List three indicators of a chemical reaction.
List three indicators of a chemical reaction.
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Which of the following processes describes the transition from gas to liquid?
Which of the following processes describes the transition from gas to liquid?
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Bohr's atomic model suggests that electrons move in undefined paths around the nucleus.
Bohr's atomic model suggests that electrons move in undefined paths around the nucleus.
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What did Rutherford discover about the structure of the atom?
What did Rutherford discover about the structure of the atom?
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The smallest part of a chemical element that can exist is called an _____
The smallest part of a chemical element that can exist is called an _____
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Match the atomic models with their descriptions:
Match the atomic models with their descriptions:
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Which particle carries a negative charge?
Which particle carries a negative charge?
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In Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of the same element are always different.
In Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of the same element are always different.
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The process of gas changing directly to solid is called _____
The process of gas changing directly to solid is called _____
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What is the general equation for a synthesis reaction?
What is the general equation for a synthesis reaction?
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In a decomposition reaction, one product will yield two or more products.
In a decomposition reaction, one product will yield two or more products.
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What is the definition of an acid/base reaction?
What is the definition of an acid/base reaction?
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In a combustion reaction, a reactant combines with _____ to produce water and carbon dioxide.
In a combustion reaction, a reactant combines with _____ to produce water and carbon dioxide.
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Which of the following is a correct description of a double replacement reaction?
Which of the following is a correct description of a double replacement reaction?
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What does pH stand for?
What does pH stand for?
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Match the following types of reactions with their definitions:
Match the following types of reactions with their definitions:
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In chemistry, OH- is associated with a _____ and H+ is associated with an _____ in a reaction.
In chemistry, OH- is associated with a _____ and H+ is associated with an _____ in a reaction.
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Study Notes
Unit Conversions
- 1000 milli = 1 gram
- 100 centi = 1 gram
- 1 kilo = 1000 grams
Lab Safety
- Wear goggles when working with chemicals, heat, and glassware
- Immediately notify instructor if there's a chemical in eyes or on skin
- Flush affected area with water from eye wash station or safety shower for 20 minutes
Accidents in the Lab
- Follow specific steps in case of lab accidents
Physical Science
- Study of non-living things
- Branches are Physics and Chemistry
Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space
- Examples of things that are not matter: time, energy, and light
Separation Techniques
- Distillation
- Chromatography
- Filtration
Pure Substances
- Elements
- Compounds
Mixtures
- Heterogeneous (not mixed)
- Homogeneous (well mixed)
Density
- Mass per unit volume (m/v)
- Regular solid: Measure mass and dimensions, calculate volume, then divide mass by volume
- Irregular solid: Measure mass, use water displacement to find volume, then divide mass by volume
- Liquid: Measure mass of known volume of liquid, then divide mass by volume
Boyle's Law
- P1V1 = P2V2
- Pressure and volume are inversely related
Charles's Law
- V1/T1 = V2/T2
- Volume and temperature are directly related
Mass vs Weight
- Mass: amount of matter in an object
- Weight: measure of gravitational force on an object
Physical Changes
- Influence form of substance but not identity
- Easily reversed
- Example: change of phase (intensive property)
Intensive Properties
- Density, melting point, color
Chemical Changes
- Cause by chemical reaction
- Forms new substance with different properties
- Not easily reversed
- Examples: Baking a cake, egg frying, fireworks
Phases of Matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
Phase Changes
- Solid to gas = sublimation
- Solid to liquid = melting
- Liquid to solid = freezing
- Gas to solid = deposition
- Gas to liquid = condensation
- Liquid to gas = vaporization
- Gas to plasma = ionization
- Plasma to gas = recombination
Atoms
- Smallest part of a chemical element
Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Atoms are uncuttable
- Atoms of the same element are alike
Thomson's Atomic Model
- Positively charged substance with negatively charged particles scattered (chocolate chip cookie)
Rutherford's Discovery
- Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus
Bohr's Atomic Model
- Electrons move in definite orbits (solar system)
- Protons, Neutrons in nucleus, electrons outside
Subatomic Particles
- Proton (+), Neutron (0), Electron (-)
Atomic Number vs Mass Number
- Atomic number = Number of protons
- Mass number = Number of protons + neutrons
Groups on the Periodic Table
- Alkali metals (Group 1)
- Alkaline earth metals (Group 2)
- Halogens (Group 7A, 17)
- Noble gases (Group 8A, 18)
- Transition metals (Groups 3-12)
- Metalloids (along the staircase)
Ionic Bonds
- Metal and nonmetal
- Use charges and add "ide" to nonmetal name
Covalent Bonds
- Two nonmetals
- Use prefixes based on number of atoms
Isotopes
- Top number = Mass number
- Bottom number = Atomic number
Periodic Law
- When elements are listed in order of their atomic numbers, similarities in their properties occur periodically
Valence Electrons
- Electrons in the outermost shell
Charges of Groups
- Calculated based on the number of electrons gain or loss in order to be stable
Chemical Formula Prefixes
- 1-mono, 2-di, 3-tri, etc.
Chemical Reactions (General)
- Synthesis: 2 reactants combine to form 1 product (A + B → AB)
- Decomposition: 1 reactant breaks down into 2 or more products (AB → A + B)
- Single Replacement: One element replaces another in a compound (A + BC → AC + B)
- Double Replacement: Two elements in different compounds exchange places (AB + CD → AD + CB)
- Combustion: Substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light (usually creating water vapor and carbon dioxide)
Acids and Bases
- Acid: pH < 7
- Base: pH > 7
- Neutral: pH = 7
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Description
Test your knowledge on unit conversions, lab safety protocols, and fundamental concepts in physical science. This quiz covers essential topics such as matter, pure substances, mixtures, and separation techniques. Challenge yourself to ensure a safe and successful laboratory experience!
