Physiology Lab Quiz

Kidney Function

• The kidneys do not produce digestive enzymes.
• They regulate electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and filtration of waste products from the blood.

Unit Conversions

• 4.8 x 10^9 gigaliters is equivalent to 4.8 x 10^18 liters.
• 5 kg is equivalent to 5 x 10^3 grams.
• 6 micrograms is equivalent to 6 x 10^-9 kg.
• 2 nm is equivalent to 2 x 10^-9 m.
• 3.1 Gm is equivalent to 3.1 x 10^12 mm.

Organ Systems

• Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems: Transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and remove carbon dioxide and waste products.
• Muscular and Skeletal Systems: Provide structure and support, enable movement.
• The heart is an organ, not an organ system.

Homeostasis

• Sweating to cool down the body on a hot day is an example of a homeostatic process in the human body.
• pH of human blood is normally between 7.35 and 7.45.

Blood Cells

• A hypotonic solution causes a red blood cell to swell and potentially burst.
• A hypertonic solution causes a red blood cell to shrink and may crenate.
• Saline water is the solution that would cause a red blood cell to neither shrink nor swell and maintain its original shape.

pH Imbalance

• Metabolic alkalosis is a type of pathological pH disease.
• Respiratory alkalosis is usually triggered by high altitudes.
• In cases of acidosis, the pH of blood is less than 7.35.

Physiology

• Carbonic acid is converted to water and carbon dioxide by carbonic anhydrase.
• Carbonic acid is a weak acid.
• The primary difference between 'function' and 'process' in physiological terms is that function explains 'why' and process explains 'how'.

Medical Scenarios

• A 70-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience difficulty in breathing, confusion, and drowsiness.
• A 42-year-old woman with severe gastritis may have a metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting.
• Compensation mechanism for COPD involves secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-.