Physical Science 11th NEET Study Notes

Physical 11th NEET Study Notes

Fundamental Concepts

• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Physical Quantities: Quantities that can be measured (e.g., length, mass, time).
  • Base Quantities: Length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
  • Derived Quantities: Area, volume, density, speed, acceleration.

Motion

• Types of Motion:

  • Translational: Straight line motion.
  • Rotational: Movement around an axis.
  • Periodic: Repeats after a fixed interval (e.g., pendulum).

• Kinematics:

  • Displacement: Vector quantity; change in position.
  • Velocity: Displacement per unit time (v = s/t).
  • Acceleration: Change in velocity per unit time (a = Δv/Δt).

• Equations of Motion (for uniformly accelerated motion):

  1. v = u + at
  2. s = ut + (1/2)at²
  3. v² = u² + 2as

Laws of Motion

• Newton's First Law: An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law: F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration).
• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Work, Energy, and Power

• Work: W = F × d × cos(θ), where θ is the angle between force and displacement.
• Kinetic Energy (KE): KE = (1/2)mv².
• Potential Energy (PE): PE = mgh (height in a gravitational field).
• Power: P = W/t or P = F × v (rate of doing work).

System of Particles and Rotational Motion

• Center of Mass: Point at which the mass of a system is concentrated.
• Torque (τ): τ = r × F (lever arm times force).
• Moment of Inertia: I = Σ(miri²) for discrete particles.

Gravitation

• Newton's Law of Gravitation: F = G(m1m2/r²)
• Gravitational Potential Energy: PE = -G(m1m2/r).

Properties of Bulk Matter

• Density: ρ = m/V.
• Pressure: P = F/A; pressure exerted by a fluid in motion.
• Hydrostatic Pressure: P = ρgh.

Thermodynamics

• First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W (Change in internal energy equals heat added minus work done by the system).
• Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.

Waves and Oscillations

• Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): Characterized by sinusoidal motion; restoring force proportional to displacement.
• Wave Properties: Wavelength, frequency, speed (v = fλ).

Thermodynamics

• Heat Transfer:
  • Conduction: Transfer through material.
  • Convection: Transfer in fluids due to movement.
  • Radiation: Transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Additional Concepts

• Significant Figures: Important for precision in measurements.
• Error Analysis: Understanding systematic and random errors in experiments.

These notes cover essential physical concepts relevant to the 11th NEET curriculum, providing a solid foundation for further study and exam preparation.