Physical Science Chapter 21 Quiz
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Physical Science Chapter 21 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Describing ______ change of one or more substances converted into a new substance

chemical reaction

______________ are substances that combine or change

reactants

New substances that are produced are called __________

products

______________ is a law which states that in a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed; it stays the same

<p>conservation of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who experimented with mercury (II) oxide and heat?

<p>Antoine Lavoisier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Found mass of products (liquid mercury and oxygen gas) ________ mass of reactants

<p>equaled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing equations - a __________ uses chemical formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction and the product(s) it produces

<p>chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical formula expresses the relationship between __________ in the compounds and molecules they make up

<p>elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ numbers which represent the number of units of each substance in a reaction

<p>coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Knowing coefficients of chemical reactions allows chemists to use the __________ of reactants to predict the amounts of products

<p>correct amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subscripts-numbers which represent the number of ______ in a molecule of a particular element

<p>atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symbols used to show state of reactants: (s) ________ (aq) __________ (g) __________ (l) __________

<p>solid, aqueous, gas, liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ react with the atmosphere in different ways

<p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Checking for _________ law of conservation of mass requirement

<p>balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ chemical reaction - both sides of the equation have the same number of atoms of each element

<p>balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choosing __________ becomes easier with practice: trial and error first

<p>coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of __________ balanced chemical equations?

<p>writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the reaction in ________

<p>words</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the ________ using formulas and symbols

<p>equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Check for ______

<p>balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Add _________ where needed for balance

<p>coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ reaction - two or more substances form a new substance; A + B -----> C

<p>synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

One substance breaks down into two or more substances in a __________ reaction; AB -----> A + B

<p>decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________ reaction - one element replaces another one in a compound; A + BC ----> AC + B

<p>single-displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _________ reaction results if a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined; AB + CD ---> AD + CB

<p>double-displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical reactions involve energy _______

<p>exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breaking chemical bonds _______ energy

<p>requires</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ chemical bonds release energy

<p>forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

More energy ______

<p>out</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ - energy required to break bonds is less than the energy released from new bonds; energy given off is usually light

<p>exergonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ reactions - energy given off in the form of heat

<p>exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

More energy _____

<p>in</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ reactions - more energy is required to break bonds than to form new ones; need energy for the reaction to occur

<p>endergonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

If energy needed is heat, the reaction is _______

<p>endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed

<p>catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

An _________ prevents or slows a chemical reaction or interferes with a catalyst's action

<p>inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions Overview

  • Chemical reactions convert one or more substances into new substances.
  • Reactants are the starting materials that undergo change in a chemical reaction.
  • Products are the new substances generated from a chemical reaction.

Conservation of Mass

  • The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions; the total mass remains constant.
  • Antoine Lavoisier conducted experiments with mercury (II) oxide and demonstrated this law.

Writing Chemical Equations

  • A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.
  • Coefficients indicate the number of molecules or moles of each substance in a reaction.
  • Subscripts specify the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Balancing Chemical Equations

  • Balanced equations have the same number of atoms for each element on both sides, adhering to the conservation of mass.
  • Achieving balance may involve trial and error to find appropriate coefficients.

Types of Chemical Reactions

  • Synthesis Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance (A + B → C).
  • Decomposition Reaction: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (AB → A + B).
  • Single-Displacement Reaction: One element displaces another in a compound (A + BC → AC + B).
  • Double-Displacement Reaction: Two ionic compounds exchange components, often forming a precipitate, water, or gas (AB + CD → AD + CB).

Energy in Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical reactions involve the exchange of energy, either releasing or absorbing energy.
  • Breaking chemical bonds requires energy, while forming chemical bonds releases energy.
  • Reactions where energy released is greater than energy absorbed are known as exergonic and often produce heat (exothermic).
  • Endergonic reactions require more energy to break bonds than is released, often absorbing heat (endothermic).

Catalysts and Inhibitors

  • A catalyst accelerates a reaction without being permanently altered in the process.
  • An inhibitor slows down or prevents a chemical reaction, disrupting the function of catalysts.

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Description

Test your understanding of chemical reactions with this quiz based on Physical Science Chapter 21. You'll tackle key concepts such as reactants, products, and the laws governing chemical changes. Challenge yourself and reinforce your learning with these flashcard-style questions.

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