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Questions and Answers
Describing ______ change of one or more substances converted into a new substance
Describing ______ change of one or more substances converted into a new substance
chemical reaction
______________ are substances that combine or change
______________ are substances that combine or change
reactants
New substances that are produced are called __________
New substances that are produced are called __________
products
______________ is a law which states that in a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed; it stays the same
______________ is a law which states that in a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed; it stays the same
Who experimented with mercury (II) oxide and heat?
Who experimented with mercury (II) oxide and heat?
Found mass of products (liquid mercury and oxygen gas) ________ mass of reactants
Found mass of products (liquid mercury and oxygen gas) ________ mass of reactants
Writing equations - a __________ uses chemical formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction and the product(s) it produces
Writing equations - a __________ uses chemical formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction and the product(s) it produces
Chemical formula expresses the relationship between __________ in the compounds and molecules they make up
Chemical formula expresses the relationship between __________ in the compounds and molecules they make up
____________ numbers which represent the number of units of each substance in a reaction
____________ numbers which represent the number of units of each substance in a reaction
Knowing coefficients of chemical reactions allows chemists to use the __________ of reactants to predict the amounts of products
Knowing coefficients of chemical reactions allows chemists to use the __________ of reactants to predict the amounts of products
Subscripts-numbers which represent the number of ______ in a molecule of a particular element
Subscripts-numbers which represent the number of ______ in a molecule of a particular element
Symbols used to show state of reactants: (s) ________ (aq) __________ (g) __________ (l) __________
Symbols used to show state of reactants: (s) ________ (aq) __________ (g) __________ (l) __________
________ react with the atmosphere in different ways
________ react with the atmosphere in different ways
Checking for _________ law of conservation of mass requirement
Checking for _________ law of conservation of mass requirement
A __________ chemical reaction - both sides of the equation have the same number of atoms of each element
A __________ chemical reaction - both sides of the equation have the same number of atoms of each element
Choosing __________ becomes easier with practice: trial and error first
Choosing __________ becomes easier with practice: trial and error first
What is the process of __________ balanced chemical equations?
What is the process of __________ balanced chemical equations?
Describe the reaction in ________
Describe the reaction in ________
Write the ________ using formulas and symbols
Write the ________ using formulas and symbols
Check for ______
Check for ______
Add _________ where needed for balance
Add _________ where needed for balance
__________ reaction - two or more substances form a new substance; A + B -----> C
__________ reaction - two or more substances form a new substance; A + B -----> C
One substance breaks down into two or more substances in a __________ reaction; AB -----> A + B
One substance breaks down into two or more substances in a __________ reaction; AB -----> A + B
___________ reaction - one element replaces another one in a compound; A + BC ----> AC + B
___________ reaction - one element replaces another one in a compound; A + BC ----> AC + B
A _________ reaction results if a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined; AB + CD ---> AD + CB
A _________ reaction results if a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined; AB + CD ---> AD + CB
Chemical reactions involve energy _______
Chemical reactions involve energy _______
Breaking chemical bonds _______ energy
Breaking chemical bonds _______ energy
__________ chemical bonds release energy
__________ chemical bonds release energy
More energy ______
More energy ______
______ - energy required to break bonds is less than the energy released from new bonds; energy given off is usually light
______ - energy required to break bonds is less than the energy released from new bonds; energy given off is usually light
_______ reactions - energy given off in the form of heat
_______ reactions - energy given off in the form of heat
More energy _____
More energy _____
__________ reactions - more energy is required to break bonds than to form new ones; need energy for the reaction to occur
__________ reactions - more energy is required to break bonds than to form new ones; need energy for the reaction to occur
If energy needed is heat, the reaction is _______
If energy needed is heat, the reaction is _______
A __________ speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed
A __________ speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed
An _________ prevents or slows a chemical reaction or interferes with a catalyst's action
An _________ prevents or slows a chemical reaction or interferes with a catalyst's action
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions Overview
- Chemical reactions convert one or more substances into new substances.
- Reactants are the starting materials that undergo change in a chemical reaction.
- Products are the new substances generated from a chemical reaction.
Conservation of Mass
- The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions; the total mass remains constant.
- Antoine Lavoisier conducted experiments with mercury (II) oxide and demonstrated this law.
Writing Chemical Equations
- A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.
- Coefficients indicate the number of molecules or moles of each substance in a reaction.
- Subscripts specify the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Balancing Chemical Equations
- Balanced equations have the same number of atoms for each element on both sides, adhering to the conservation of mass.
- Achieving balance may involve trial and error to find appropriate coefficients.
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Synthesis Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance (A + B → C).
- Decomposition Reaction: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (AB → A + B).
- Single-Displacement Reaction: One element displaces another in a compound (A + BC → AC + B).
- Double-Displacement Reaction: Two ionic compounds exchange components, often forming a precipitate, water, or gas (AB + CD → AD + CB).
Energy in Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve the exchange of energy, either releasing or absorbing energy.
- Breaking chemical bonds requires energy, while forming chemical bonds releases energy.
- Reactions where energy released is greater than energy absorbed are known as exergonic and often produce heat (exothermic).
- Endergonic reactions require more energy to break bonds than is released, often absorbing heat (endothermic).
Catalysts and Inhibitors
- A catalyst accelerates a reaction without being permanently altered in the process.
- An inhibitor slows down or prevents a chemical reaction, disrupting the function of catalysts.
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