Questions and Answers
What is the boiling point?
The temperature at which the pressure of the vapor equals the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid.
What is heat of fusion?
The energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point.
What is Pascal's Principle?
It works because pressure applied to an object is transferred to another object, used by hydraulic lifts.
What is Bernoulli's Principle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
What are kilopascals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are different states of matter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is heat of vaporization?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some things likely to contain plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
If one wood block sinks and another floats in water, what can you infer about their densities?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a weather balloon rise when released?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the pressure of a gas if volume is held constant and temperature is decreased?
Signup and view all the answers
How can a hot-air balloon float in the air when carrying people?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a hot-air balloon descend when the burner is turned off?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a diver sink slightly after exhaling?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does a penny sink in water but float in mercury?
Signup and view all the answers
Compare and contrast evaporation and boiling.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Definitions of Key Terms
- Boiling Point: Temperature where vapor pressure equals the external pressure on a liquid's surface.
- Heat of Fusion: Energy required for a solid to change into a liquid at its melting point.
- Heat of Vaporization: Energy needed for a liquid at its boiling point to transform into a gas.
- Pascal's Principle: States that pressure applied to an incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions, utilized in hydraulic lifts.
- Bernoulli's Principle: Demonstrates that as the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases, exemplified by a hose-end sprayer.
- Plasma: A state of matter with enough energy to overcome attractive forces between particles and atoms, commonly found in stars and the universe.
Units and States of Matter
- Kilopascals: A unit of measurement for pressure.
- Different States of Matter: Solid, liquid, and gas are the three primary states, each defined by particle arrangement and energy levels.
Principles of Density and Buoyancy
- Objects that sink in water have greater density compared to those that float.
- Weather balloons rise due to being filled with low-density gas, resulting in an overall density less than that of the surrounding air.
- The pressure of a gas decreases with a decrease in temperature when volume is held constant, illustrating the direct proportionality between pressure and temperature.
- Hot-air balloons float due to low-density gases; once the burner is turned off, the gas density increases, causing the balloon to descend.
- Scuba divers must manage overall density to control buoyancy; exhaling decreases density, leading to a slight sinking.
- A penny sinks in water due to its greater density but floats in mercury, which has a higher density than the penny.
Evaporation vs. Boiling
- Boiling: Occurs throughout a liquid at a specific temperature based on surface pressure.
- Evaporation: Takes place only at the surface of a liquid and can occur at various temperatures, demonstrating both processes as means of liquid transitioning to gas.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with flashcards from Physical Science Chapter 14. This study guide covers key concepts such as boiling point, heat of fusion, and Pascal's Principle. Perfect for quick revision before exams!
