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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
What is the Octet Rule in Lewis dot structures?
What is the Octet Rule in Lewis dot structures?
What type of bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal?
What type of bond is formed between a metal and a nonmetal?
What is the purpose of Lewis dot structures?
What is the purpose of Lewis dot structures?
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What is the difference between valence electrons and other electrons in an atom?
What is the difference between valence electrons and other electrons in an atom?
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What is the result of an atom having its valence energy level filled with 8 electrons?
What is the result of an atom having its valence energy level filled with 8 electrons?
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What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals?
What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals?
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What is the purpose of the Octet Rule in bonding?
What is the purpose of the Octet Rule in bonding?
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What happens when an anion is formed?
What happens when an anion is formed?
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What is the result of the reaction between lithium and fluorine atoms?
What is the result of the reaction between lithium and fluorine atoms?
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What is the term for a positively charged ion?
What is the term for a positively charged ion?
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What is the term for a negatively charged ion?
What is the term for a negatively charged ion?
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What is the characteristic of an ionic bond?
What is the characteristic of an ionic bond?
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What is the name of the compound formed between lithium and fluorine?
What is the name of the compound formed between lithium and fluorine?
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Study Notes
Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds
- High melting points
- Hard and rigid
- Brittle
- Conductive (sometimes)
- Conductivity and brittleness come from the atomic-scale arrangement of atoms
- High melting and boiling points due to extremely high bond strength
Covalent Bond (Non-polar)
- A chemical bond in which two or more electrons are shared by two nonmetal atoms
- Electrons are equally shared (same elements)
- Example: H2 (Hydrogen molecule)
- Sharing electrons fulfills the octet rule
Covalent Bonding
- Single bond: two atoms share one pair of electrons (2 electrons)
- Double bond: two atoms share two pairs of electrons (4 electrons)
- Triple bond: two atoms share three pairs of electrons (6 electrons)
- Triple bonds are shorter and stronger than single bonds
Lewis Dot Structures
- Represent electrons as dots around the atomic symbol
- Same column = same dot structure
- Dots represent valence electrons
- Octet Rule: an atom is stabilized by having its valence energy level filled (2s + 6p = 8 electrons)
Importance of Ionic Bonds
- Involved in cell signaling and muscle contraction
- Important in determining cell shapes, catalytic reactions, and neuron functions
- Play a role in shaping tertiary and quaternary proteins
- Help determine the shapes of chromosomes depending on what atoms bond to each other
Importance of Covalent Bonds
- Carbon-Carbon bonds (C-C) form the basis of most biomolecules
- Covalent bonds link together amino acids in chains, creating peptides
- Found holding together amines
- Covalent bonds in large networks give rise to substances with very high melting points (e.g., diamonds)
Types of Bonds
- Ionic bonds: transfer of electrons between a metal and nonmetal
- Covalent bonds: sharing of electrons between two nonmetals
- Metallic bonds: pooling of electrons in a metal lattice
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