Aldehydes and Ketones

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Questions and Answers

What is the boiling point of liquid formaldehyde?

  • 400°C
  • 300°C
  • −21°C (correct)
  • −100°C

What is the main reason behind the solubility of formaldehyde in water?

  • The reaction with oxygen
  • The colourless nature of formaldehyde
  • The pungent smell of formaldehyde
  • Hydrogen bonding between water molecules and its hydrate (correct)

What is the name of the reaction that involves the reduction of acetyl chloride with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst?

  • Rosenmund's reaction (correct)
  • Platinised asbestos reaction
  • Elecrical discharge reaction
  • Formaldehyde synthesis reaction

What is the use of the 40% solution of formaldehyde?

<p>As a disinfectant, germicide and antiseptic (C)</p>
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What is the name of the compound that is prepared using formaldehyde and is used as an antiseptic and germicide?

<p>Urotropine (D)</p>
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What is the reaction that involves the heating of a mixture of calcium acetate and calcium formate to produce formaldehyde?

<p>Heating of calcium acetate and calcium formate (B)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of the Oxo process?

<p>To prepare aldehydes (D)</p>
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What happens when two molecules of carboxylic acids react together?

<p>A cross-aldol reaction occurs (D)</p>
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What catalyst is used in the Wacker process?

<p>PdCl2 (B)</p>
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What is the byproduct of the decarboxylation of formic acid?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (C)</p>
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What is the name of the process that converts alkynes to aldehydes?

<p>Hydruration (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of using MnO in the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids?

<p>To catalyze the reaction (D)</p>
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What is the physical state of benzophenone?

<p>Colourless, pleasant smelling solid (D)</p>
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What is the reaction of benzophenone with potassium hydroxide?

<p>It forms potassium benzoate and phenol (D)</p>
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What is one of the uses of benzophenone?

<p>As a sleep-producing drug (C)</p>
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What is the product of the reaction of benzophenone with sodium amalgam?

<p>Diphenyl carbinol (A)</p>
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How can benzophenone be prepared from alkyl benzenes?

<p>By reacting with nitric acid and sulphuric acid (D)</p>
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What is not a characteristic property of the keto group exhibited by benzophenone?

<p>It gives a bisulphite compound (A)</p>
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What is the nature of the product formed in the addition reaction catalysed by a base?

<p>Hemiacetal (A)</p>
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Which type of ketones reacts with sodium bisulphite?

<p>Aliphatic methyl ketones (D)</p>
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What is the driving force for the formation of a cyanohydrin?

<p>Presence of a base catalyst (B)</p>
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What is the result of the addition reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

<p>Formation of a hemiacetal (C)</p>
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What is the optically active compound that can be formed through the cyanohydrin reaction?

<p>Alpha-hydroxy acid (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of the addition reaction between a carbonyl compound and an alcohol?

<p>To form a new compound with a hydroxyl group (B)</p>
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What is the main reason for the difference in reactivity between aldehydes and ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions?

<p>The inductive effect of the alkyl group in ketones (B)</p>
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Why do ketones have slightly higher boiling points than their isomeric aldehydes?

<p>Due to the presence of two electron-releasing groups around the carbonyl carbon (C)</p>
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What is the effect of the alkyl group on the reactivity of carbonyl compounds?

<p>It decreases the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon (B)</p>
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What is the type of reaction that aldehydes and ketones readily undergo?

<p>Nucleophilic addition reactions (A)</p>
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What is the effect of the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon on the reactivity of carbonyl compounds?

<p>A higher positive charge increases the reactivity (B)</p>
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What is the reason for the higher reactivity of aldehydes compared to ketones?

<p>The greater positive charge on the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes (D)</p>
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What is the primary condition for alkylation to occur with RX in the presence of a base?

<p>The carbonyl compound should have at least one α-hydrogen atom (C)</p>
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What is the product of the aldol formation reaction?

<p>An aldehyde (A)</p>
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What is the role of the base in the alkylation reaction?

<p>To facilitate the S N 2 reaction (D)</p>
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What is the result of hyper-conjugation in crotonaldehyde?

<p>Formation of a conjugated alkene carbonyl compound (D)</p>
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What is the requirement for the organic compound used in the condensation reaction?

<p>It should have an –I group (A)</p>
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What is the second step of the alkylation reaction?

<p>Dehydration of the aldol (C)</p>
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