Structures of Formaldehyde and Carbon Orbital Hybridization

Atoms form bonds because the compound that results is more stable than the separate atoms.

Carbon has four valence electrons and forms bonds by sharing electrons.

Oxygen forms a double bond in H2O because it has six valence electrons and needs to reach a stable octet.

<p>Phosphorus forms three covalent bonds in forming phosphine, PH3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the electron-dot structure, the carbon is surrounded by two hydrogen atoms and a double bond with an oxygen atom. The line-bond structure shows the carbon atom with two single bonds to hydrogen atoms and a double bond with an oxygen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carbon orbitals in formaldehyde are sp2 hybridized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular Orbital Theory describes covalent bond formation as arising from a mathematical combination of atomic orbitals on different atoms to form molecular orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The π-bonding molecular orbital is formed from combining p orbital lobes with the same algebraic sign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron-dot structure for chloromethane is H-C-H with a single bond between C and each H, and a single bond between C and Cl, with 3 lone pairs around Cl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sigma bond is formed by the overlap of two singly occupied orbitals, resulting in a cylindrically symmetrical bond. It is the result of the overlap of two atomic orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons are involved in the sharing of electrons between atoms to form covalent bonds. They determine the number of bonds an atom can form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond, and it relates to the stability of molecules as stronger bonds have higher bond energies, leading to greater stability of the molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers