Physical Pharmacy Thermodynamics: Energy and Transformation
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Physical Pharmacy Thermodynamics: Energy and Transformation

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles that compose a system?

  • Internal energy (correct)
  • Kinetic energy
  • External energy
  • Potential energy

    • According to the Zero Law of Thermodynamics, what does it state when two systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third system?

  • The two original systems are in chemical equilibrium with each other
  • The two original systems are in mechanical equilibrium with each other
  • The two original systems are in electrical equilibrium with each other
  • The two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other (correct)

    • What is the term for a region of the universe that we direct our attention to?

  • Thermodynamic systems
  • Boundary
  • Surroundings
  • System (correct)

    • What is the main concept of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

    <p>Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation representing the First Law of Thermodynamics?

    <p>$\Delta E = Q + W$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the transfer of energy used to change the height of a weight of a system in respect to its surroundings?

    <p>Work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

    <p>The entropy of the universe will increase during any spontaneous change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable determines the thermodynamic state of a system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of disorder in thermodynamics?

    <p>Entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for everything outside a system?

    <p>Surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive $\Delta H$ indicate in terms of heat change for a reaction?

    <p>Heat is taken from the environment (endothermic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy transfer can be either be done by the system (-) or on the system (+)?

    <p>Work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what temperature conditions does the reaction $O2 \rightarrow 2O$ occur spontaneously?

    <p>$\Delta H &lt; T\Delta S$ and high temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the flow and transformation of energy from one form into another form?

    <p>Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a process to occur spontaneously based on $\Delta G$?

    <p>$\Delta G &lt; 0$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the boundary that separates a system from its surroundings?

    <p>Boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spontaneity of reaction rate of reaction?

    <p>Spontaneous energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles that compose a system?

    <p>Internal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to energy entering or being withdrawn from a system as heat or work?

    <p>Heat and work</p> Signup and view all the answers

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