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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
Which of the following is a result of the attraction of like molecules?
What governs the balance of forces between two molecules?
What is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of ice?
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What is the purpose of repulsive forces in molecular interactions?
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What is the result of intermolecular forces between two molecules?
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What type of bonds can exist between alcohol molecules?
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What is the reason for the high boiling point of water?
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What is the relationship between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
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What happens when the outer charge clouds of two molecules touch?
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What is the result of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom interacting with the positively charged hydrogen atom?
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What is the term for the attraction of unlike molecules?
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What type of bonds are responsible for the unusual properties of water?
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What is the association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution called?
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What is the state of matter characterized by atoms or molecules oscillating about fixed positions?
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What is the unit of pressure mentioned in the content?
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What type of bonds exist between iodine and water molecules?
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What is responsible for the solubilization of iodine?
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What is the temperature scale used to measure the behavior of gases?
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What is the characteristic of ideal gases?
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What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP?
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What is the value of R in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?
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What is the pressure in atm of 780 mmHg?
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What is the state of matter characterized by molecules traveling in random paths and colliding with each other and the container walls?
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What is the primary function of London forces in lipid bilayers?
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Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the solubility of iodide in a solution of potassium iodide?
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What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two neighboring neutral molecules?
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What is the role of ion-dipole forces in the solubility of ionic crystalline substances in water?
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Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the condensation of gases?
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What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between a permanent dipole and a non-polar molecule?
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What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two polar molecules?
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What is the primary role of van der Waals forces in biological systems?
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Study Notes
Binding Forces Between Molecules
- Intermolecular forces are necessary for molecules to exist as aggregates in gases, liquids, and solids
- Cohesion: the attraction of like molecules
- Adhesion: the attraction of unlike molecules
- Repulsion: a reaction between two molecules that forces them apart
- Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces
Types of Intermolecular Forces
- Attractive forces: necessary for molecules to cohere
- Repulsive forces: prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other
- Van der Waals forces: weak forces associated with condensation of gases, complexes, and solubility of some drugs
- Dipole-dipole forces (Keesom forces): present in dipolar molecules
- Dipole-induced dipole forces (Debye forces): induction of electrical dipole in neighboring non-polar molecules
- Induced dipole-induced dipole forces (London forces): induction of partial charge distributions in non-polar molecules
- Ion-Dipole and Ion-Induced Dipole Forces: interactions between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
- Hydrogen Bonds: interactions between molecules containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom
- Hydrophobic bonds: association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution
States of Matter
- Gases, liquids, and crystalline solids are the three primary states of matter
- Molecules, atoms, or ions in the solid state are held in close proximity by intermolecular, interatomic, or ionic forces
- Atoms in the solid can oscillate only about fixed positions
- As temperature increases, atoms or molecules pass into the liquid and then gaseous state
The Gaseous State
- Important characteristics of gases:
- Owing to vigorous and rapid motion, gas molecules travel in random paths and collide with each other and the container walls, exerting pressure
- Volume is expressed in liters or cubic centimeters
- Behavior is affected by temperature, measured in absolute or Kelvin scale
- Ideal Gas:
- Refers to an ideal situation where no intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision
- Conditions at 0°C and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP)
- 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L at STP
- PV = nRT
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Description
Quiz on states of matter, covering intermolecular forces and binding forces between molecules. Part of a physical pharmacy lecture at Ibnsina University.
