Physical Pharmacy: States of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?

  • The direction of the forces
  • The location of the forces (correct)
  • The type of molecules involved
  • The strength of the forces

    • Which of the following is a result of the attraction of like molecules?

  • Cohesion (correct)
  • Intermolecular forces
  • Adhesion
  • Repulsion

    • What governs the balance of forces between two molecules?

  • The molecular weights of the molecules
  • The negatively charged electron clouds of the molecules (correct)
  • The neutral atomic cores of the molecules
  • The positively charged nuclei of the molecules

    • What is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of ice?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of repulsive forces in molecular interactions?

    <p>To prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intermolecular forces between two molecules?

    <p>The molecules attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds can exist between alcohol molecules?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the high boiling point of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?

    <p>Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the outer charge clouds of two molecules touch?

    <p>The molecules repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom interacting with the positively charged hydrogen atom?

    <p>Formation of a hydrogen-bonded polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the attraction of unlike molecules?

    <p>Adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are responsible for the unusual properties of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution called?

    <p>Hydrophobic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by atoms or molecules oscillating about fixed positions?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of pressure mentioned in the content?

    <p>dyne/cm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds exist between iodine and water molecules?

    <p>Dipole-dipole bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the solubilization of iodine?

    <p>Formation of an iodide complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature scale used to measure the behavior of gases?

    <p>Kelvin scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ideal gases?

    <p>No intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP?

    <p>22.414 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of R in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?

    <p>0.08205 L atm / (mol K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure in atm of 780 mmHg?

    <p>1.026 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by molecules traveling in random paths and colliding with each other and the container walls?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of London forces in lipid bilayers?

    <p>To provide fluidity and cohesiveness to the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the solubility of iodide in a solution of potassium iodide?

    <p>Ion-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two neighboring neutral molecules?

    <p>Induced dipole-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ion-dipole forces in the solubility of ionic crystalline substances in water?

    <p>They attract the ions to the water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the condensation of gases?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between a permanent dipole and a non-polar molecule?

    <p>Dipole-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two polar molecules?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of van der Waals forces in biological systems?

    <p>To stabilize the structure of membranes and solubilize drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Binding Forces Between Molecules

    • Intermolecular forces are necessary for molecules to exist as aggregates in gases, liquids, and solids
    • Cohesion: the attraction of like molecules
    • Adhesion: the attraction of unlike molecules
    • Repulsion: a reaction between two molecules that forces them apart
    • Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces

    Types of Intermolecular Forces

    • Attractive forces: necessary for molecules to cohere
    • Repulsive forces: prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other
    • Van der Waals forces: weak forces associated with condensation of gases, complexes, and solubility of some drugs
      • Dipole-dipole forces (Keesom forces): present in dipolar molecules
      • Dipole-induced dipole forces (Debye forces): induction of electrical dipole in neighboring non-polar molecules
      • Induced dipole-induced dipole forces (London forces): induction of partial charge distributions in non-polar molecules
    • Ion-Dipole and Ion-Induced Dipole Forces: interactions between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
    • Hydrogen Bonds: interactions between molecules containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom
    • Hydrophobic bonds: association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution

    States of Matter

    • Gases, liquids, and crystalline solids are the three primary states of matter
    • Molecules, atoms, or ions in the solid state are held in close proximity by intermolecular, interatomic, or ionic forces
    • Atoms in the solid can oscillate only about fixed positions
    • As temperature increases, atoms or molecules pass into the liquid and then gaseous state

    The Gaseous State

    • Important characteristics of gases:
      • Owing to vigorous and rapid motion, gas molecules travel in random paths and collide with each other and the container walls, exerting pressure
      • Volume is expressed in liters or cubic centimeters
      • Behavior is affected by temperature, measured in absolute or Kelvin scale
    • Ideal Gas:
      • Refers to an ideal situation where no intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision
      • Conditions at 0°C and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP)
      • 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L at STP
      • PV = nRT

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    Description

    Quiz on states of matter, covering intermolecular forces and binding forces between molecules. Part of a physical pharmacy lecture at Ibnsina University.

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