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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
What is the primary difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
- The direction of the forces
- The location of the forces (correct)
- The type of molecules involved
- The strength of the forces
Which of the following is a result of the attraction of like molecules?
Which of the following is a result of the attraction of like molecules?
- Cohesion (correct)
- Intermolecular forces
- Adhesion
- Repulsion
What governs the balance of forces between two molecules?
What governs the balance of forces between two molecules?
- The molecular weights of the molecules
- The negatively charged electron clouds of the molecules (correct)
- The neutral atomic cores of the molecules
- The positively charged nuclei of the molecules
What is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of ice?
What is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of ice?
What is the purpose of repulsive forces in molecular interactions?
What is the purpose of repulsive forces in molecular interactions?
What is the result of intermolecular forces between two molecules?
What is the result of intermolecular forces between two molecules?
What type of bonds can exist between alcohol molecules?
What type of bonds can exist between alcohol molecules?
What is the reason for the high boiling point of water?
What is the reason for the high boiling point of water?
What is the relationship between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
What is the relationship between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?
What happens when the outer charge clouds of two molecules touch?
What happens when the outer charge clouds of two molecules touch?
What is the result of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom interacting with the positively charged hydrogen atom?
What is the result of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom interacting with the positively charged hydrogen atom?
What is the term for the attraction of unlike molecules?
What is the term for the attraction of unlike molecules?
What type of bonds are responsible for the unusual properties of water?
What type of bonds are responsible for the unusual properties of water?
What is the association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution called?
What is the association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution called?
What is the state of matter characterized by atoms or molecules oscillating about fixed positions?
What is the state of matter characterized by atoms or molecules oscillating about fixed positions?
What is the unit of pressure mentioned in the content?
What is the unit of pressure mentioned in the content?
What type of bonds exist between iodine and water molecules?
What type of bonds exist between iodine and water molecules?
What is responsible for the solubilization of iodine?
What is responsible for the solubilization of iodine?
What is the temperature scale used to measure the behavior of gases?
What is the temperature scale used to measure the behavior of gases?
What is the characteristic of ideal gases?
What is the characteristic of ideal gases?
What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP?
What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP?
What is the value of R in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?
What is the value of R in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?
What is the pressure in atm of 780 mmHg?
What is the pressure in atm of 780 mmHg?
What is the state of matter characterized by molecules traveling in random paths and colliding with each other and the container walls?
What is the state of matter characterized by molecules traveling in random paths and colliding with each other and the container walls?
What is the primary function of London forces in lipid bilayers?
What is the primary function of London forces in lipid bilayers?
Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the solubility of iodide in a solution of potassium iodide?
Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the solubility of iodide in a solution of potassium iodide?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two neighboring neutral molecules?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two neighboring neutral molecules?
What is the role of ion-dipole forces in the solubility of ionic crystalline substances in water?
What is the role of ion-dipole forces in the solubility of ionic crystalline substances in water?
Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the condensation of gases?
Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the condensation of gases?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between a permanent dipole and a non-polar molecule?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between a permanent dipole and a non-polar molecule?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two polar molecules?
What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two polar molecules?
What is the primary role of van der Waals forces in biological systems?
What is the primary role of van der Waals forces in biological systems?
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Study Notes
Binding Forces Between Molecules
- Intermolecular forces are necessary for molecules to exist as aggregates in gases, liquids, and solids
- Cohesion: the attraction of like molecules
- Adhesion: the attraction of unlike molecules
- Repulsion: a reaction between two molecules that forces them apart
- Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces
Types of Intermolecular Forces
- Attractive forces: necessary for molecules to cohere
- Repulsive forces: prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other
- Van der Waals forces: weak forces associated with condensation of gases, complexes, and solubility of some drugs
- Dipole-dipole forces (Keesom forces): present in dipolar molecules
- Dipole-induced dipole forces (Debye forces): induction of electrical dipole in neighboring non-polar molecules
- Induced dipole-induced dipole forces (London forces): induction of partial charge distributions in non-polar molecules
- Ion-Dipole and Ion-Induced Dipole Forces: interactions between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
- Hydrogen Bonds: interactions between molecules containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom
- Hydrophobic bonds: association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution
States of Matter
- Gases, liquids, and crystalline solids are the three primary states of matter
- Molecules, atoms, or ions in the solid state are held in close proximity by intermolecular, interatomic, or ionic forces
- Atoms in the solid can oscillate only about fixed positions
- As temperature increases, atoms or molecules pass into the liquid and then gaseous state
The Gaseous State
- Important characteristics of gases:
- Owing to vigorous and rapid motion, gas molecules travel in random paths and collide with each other and the container walls, exerting pressure
- Volume is expressed in liters or cubic centimeters
- Behavior is affected by temperature, measured in absolute or Kelvin scale
- Ideal Gas:
- Refers to an ideal situation where no intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision
- Conditions at 0°C and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP)
- 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L at STP
- PV = nRT
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