Physical Pharmacy: States of Matter
32 Questions
8 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?

  • The direction of the forces
  • The location of the forces (correct)
  • The type of molecules involved
  • The strength of the forces
  • Which of the following is a result of the attraction of like molecules?

  • Cohesion (correct)
  • Intermolecular forces
  • Adhesion
  • Repulsion
  • What governs the balance of forces between two molecules?

  • The molecular weights of the molecules
  • The negatively charged electron clouds of the molecules (correct)
  • The neutral atomic cores of the molecules
  • The positively charged nuclei of the molecules
  • What is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of ice?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of repulsive forces in molecular interactions?

    <p>To prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intermolecular forces between two molecules?

    <p>The molecules attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds can exist between alcohol molecules?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the high boiling point of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between intermolecular and intramolecular forces?

    <p>Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the outer charge clouds of two molecules touch?

    <p>The molecules repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom interacting with the positively charged hydrogen atom?

    <p>Formation of a hydrogen-bonded polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the attraction of unlike molecules?

    <p>Adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are responsible for the unusual properties of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution called?

    <p>Hydrophobic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by atoms or molecules oscillating about fixed positions?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of pressure mentioned in the content?

    <p>dyne/cm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds exist between iodine and water molecules?

    <p>Dipole-dipole bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the solubilization of iodine?

    <p>Formation of an iodide complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature scale used to measure the behavior of gases?

    <p>Kelvin scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ideal gases?

    <p>No intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP?

    <p>22.414 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of R in the ideal gas equation PV = nRT?

    <p>0.08205 L atm / (mol K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure in atm of 780 mmHg?

    <p>1.026 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by molecules traveling in random paths and colliding with each other and the container walls?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of London forces in lipid bilayers?

    <p>To provide fluidity and cohesiveness to the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the solubility of iodide in a solution of potassium iodide?

    <p>Ion-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two neighboring neutral molecules?

    <p>Induced dipole-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ion-dipole forces in the solubility of ionic crystalline substances in water?

    <p>They attract the ions to the water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of van der Waals force is responsible for the condensation of gases?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between a permanent dipole and a non-polar molecule?

    <p>Dipole-induced dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of van der Waals force that occurs between two polar molecules?

    <p>Dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of van der Waals forces in biological systems?

    <p>To stabilize the structure of membranes and solubilize drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Binding Forces Between Molecules

    • Intermolecular forces are necessary for molecules to exist as aggregates in gases, liquids, and solids
    • Cohesion: the attraction of like molecules
    • Adhesion: the attraction of unlike molecules
    • Repulsion: a reaction between two molecules that forces them apart
    • Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces

    Types of Intermolecular Forces

    • Attractive forces: necessary for molecules to cohere
    • Repulsive forces: prevent molecules from interpenetrating each other
    • Van der Waals forces: weak forces associated with condensation of gases, complexes, and solubility of some drugs
      • Dipole-dipole forces (Keesom forces): present in dipolar molecules
      • Dipole-induced dipole forces (Debye forces): induction of electrical dipole in neighboring non-polar molecules
      • Induced dipole-induced dipole forces (London forces): induction of partial charge distributions in non-polar molecules
    • Ion-Dipole and Ion-Induced Dipole Forces: interactions between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
    • Hydrogen Bonds: interactions between molecules containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom
    • Hydrophobic bonds: association of non-polar groups with each other in aqueous solution

    States of Matter

    • Gases, liquids, and crystalline solids are the three primary states of matter
    • Molecules, atoms, or ions in the solid state are held in close proximity by intermolecular, interatomic, or ionic forces
    • Atoms in the solid can oscillate only about fixed positions
    • As temperature increases, atoms or molecules pass into the liquid and then gaseous state

    The Gaseous State

    • Important characteristics of gases:
      • Owing to vigorous and rapid motion, gas molecules travel in random paths and collide with each other and the container walls, exerting pressure
      • Volume is expressed in liters or cubic centimeters
      • Behavior is affected by temperature, measured in absolute or Kelvin scale
    • Ideal Gas:
      • Refers to an ideal situation where no intermolecular interaction exists and no energy is exchanged upon collision
      • Conditions at 0°C and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP)
      • 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L at STP
      • PV = nRT

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Quiz on states of matter, covering intermolecular forces and binding forces between molecules. Part of a physical pharmacy lecture at Ibnsina University.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser