Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Overview

Skeletal, Muscles, Tendons, Physical Medicine & Rehab

• Presentation Outline: The presentation covers skeletal system, muscles, tendons, related disorders, procedures, pharmacology, physical medicine, rehabilitation, and an interactive component.
• Speakers: The presentation was given by Team 10 (Kiet Quan Duong, Hannah Pulido, Irene Lee, Roland) with visuals by Natalia Ayala.
• Introduction: The presentation begins with an introduction section.
• Outline of Topics Covered: The presentation includes the following sections; Introduction, Functions of the Skeletal System, The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton, Muscles and Tendons, Muscles and Tendons of the Upper and Lower Extremities, Disorder and Injuries of Muscles and Tendons, Procedures and Pharmacology, Physical Medicine and Rehab, and an Interactive Component.
• Types of Muscles: Three types of muscle tissue were discussed: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Cardiac muscle tissue (involuntary control) is responsible for heart function; skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary control) enables body movement; smooth muscle tissue (involuntary control) regulates internal processes, such as digestion.
• Shoulder Girdle and Upper Arm: The pectoral girdle connects the axial skeleton to the upper limbs. Key bones include the scapulae and clavicle. The shoulder joint connects the pectoral girdle to the upper limb. The humerus is the upper arm bone.
• Forearm, Wrist and Hand: The hand and wrist comprise 27 bones, and forearm muscles allow for supination and pronation. The metacarpals form the palm of the hand.
• Pelvic Girdle: Two hip bones, which articulate anteriorly with each other and posteriorly with the sacrum through sacroiliac joints, form the pelvis. This structure has four key functions.
• Lower Body Bones and Joints (Hip, Knee, Ankle, Foot): The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint, joined between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. The hip joint is held in place by a thick joint capsule and labrum (cartilage). Two bones in the lower leg - the tibia (larger, medial) and fibula (smaller, lateral) - form the ankle, which has two joints. The ankle and foot, comprising 26 bones and 33 joints, are further discussed.
• Muscles and Tendons of the Upper and Lower Extremities: Detailed descriptions of major upper and lower extremity muscles are included.
• Disorders and Injuries of Muscles and Tendons: The topics covered include fibromyalgia, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Myasthenia gravis, and Muscular dystrophy. Detailed information about each disorder is included.
• Procedures and Pharmacology: Diagnostic procedures and therapeutic procedures used for muscle and tendon disorders are detailed (e.g., blood tests, electromyography, nerve conduction studies, MRI, CT, ultrasound, muscle biopsy, genetic tests and therapies including exercise, dry needling, and physical modalities).
• Musculoskeletal Drugs: This section includes categories of drugs used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Physiatry: Definition of physiatry and a list of treatment types.
• Rehabilitation: Discusses the two types of rehabilitation: restorative and maintenance. Activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are discussed.
• Injuries of Skeletal Muscle: Includes descriptions and causes of muscle soreness, strains, and cramps.
• Common Disorders of Shoulders and Elbows: Covers rotator cuff tears, lateral epicondylitis, ligament strains, and bone fractures.
• Common Disorders of the Wrist and Hand: Detailed information regarding ganglion cysts, and stenosing tenosynovitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Explore the essentials of the skeletal system, muscles, and tendons. This presentation covers various disorders, rehabilitation procedures, and insights into pharmacology related to physical medicine. Engage with an interactive component to enhance your understanding.