HCAP 1210 Musculoskeletal System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely cause of phantom limb pain?

  • Infection in the stump
  • Poor circulation in the remaining limb
  • Irritation to the nerve endings in the stump (correct)
  • Psychological stress related to the amputation

    • Why is skin care particularly important for individuals with prostheses?

  • Prosthetics are often made of materials that can irritate the skin
  • The skin under the prosthesis is often not exposed to air, leading to moisture and potential problems
  • Prosthetics can trap bacteria, increasing the risk of skin infection
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a potential sign of a problem with a prosthesis site?

  • Redness
  • Increased mobility (correct)
  • Swelling
  • Drainage

    • What is the most important assessment to conduct on a patient with a below-the-knee amputation and a history of poor self-care, especially given their history of diabetes?

    <p>Assess the condition of the prosthesis site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should you immediately inform if you notice any concerns with the prosthesis site?

    <p>The patient's nurse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that can contribute to a fracture?

    <p>A weakened bone due to osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a sign or symptom of a fracture?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture involves a bone breaking through the skin?

    <p>Open fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cast after a fracture?

    <p>To immobilize the broken bone and allow it to heal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential hazard identified in the Critical Thinking scenario?

    <p>The wet floor sign indicating a potential hazard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture is described in the Critical Thinking scenario?

    <p>Open fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an HCA's responsibility in the Critical Thinking scenario after the resident's fall?

    <p>To notify the nurse and assist with moving the resident to a safe position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential sign or symptom of a fracture post-healing?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two signs of a fractured hip?

    <p>Shortening and outward rotation of the leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a postoperative risk for a patient with a hip fracture?

    <p>Stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of amputations?

    <p>Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interdisciplinary team members is NOT typically involved in the care of a patient with a hip fracture?

    <p>Dietician (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a prosthesis?

    <p>To restore lost function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a traumatic amputation and a surgical amputation?

    <p>A traumatic amputation is caused by an accident, while a surgical amputation is performed electively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common postoperative problem for a patient with a hip fracture?

    <p>Gastrointestinal bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to fix a fractured hip?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate action you should take when Mrs. Joy shrieks in pain due to her right big toe?

    <p>Calmly assess the situation and apply an ice pack to the affected area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could have contributed to Mrs. Joy's gout?

    <p>Her increased consumption of exotic meats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What patient education should you provide Mrs. Joy regarding her gout?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biggest risk factor for lack of mobility in the elderly population, contributing to foot problems?

    <p>Falls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foot problems commonly affect the elderly, besides gout?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Osteoporosis?

    <p>High calcium intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Osteoarthritis?

    <p>Joint stiffness that worsens throughout the day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of pain in Osteoarthritis?

    <p>Bone spurs rubbing against each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment approach for Osteoarthritis?

    <p>Weight loss for obese individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference between Osteoporosis (OP) and Osteoarthritis (OA)?

    <p>OP is characterized by bone loss, while OA is characterized by joint inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential solution to reduce pain in an individual with Osteoarthritis, besides medication?

    <p>Applying a warm compress to the affected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an appropriate action for a HCA to take when a resident with Osteoarthritis is experiencing persistent pain in their hips and spine, despite receiving medication?

    <p>Provide comfort measures, such as repositioning and applying a warm compress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text provided, what joints are MOST commonly affected by Osteoarthritis?

    <p>Hip and knee joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice to reduce the risk of falls for residents?

    <p>Leaving the bed at knee height (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when assisting a resident who is falling?

    <p>Ease them to the floor while protecting their head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a resident's head should be protected when falling?

    <p>To prevent a head injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physiological change associated with aging that increases the risk of falls?

    <p>Decreased bone density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why muscles atrophy with age?

    <p>Decreased physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hemiplegia?

    <p>Paralysis of one side of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to promote physical activity and exercise for elderly residents?

    <p>To maintain their muscle tone and strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to bone loss in elderly residents?

    <p>Increased sunlight exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal System Overview

    • HCAP 1210 course covers the musculoskeletal system
    • The course includes critical thinking exercises on various topics

    Critical Thinking

    • Discusses the roles and responsibilities of Physical Therapists (PTs) and Occupational Therapists (OTs)
    • Highlights the importance of assessing resident's ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
    • Defines medical terms like quadriplegia, hemiplegia, and paraplegia

    Physical Changes

    • Muscle cells decrease in number
    • Vertebrae shorten
    • Muscles atrophy and lose strength
    • Bones lose minerals (especially calcium) resulting in decreased strength and increased brittleness
    • Joints become stiff and painful
    • Mobility decreases
    • Regular activity, exercise, and a healthy diet can help prevent bone loss and maintain muscle strength

    Risk of Falls

    • Elderly populations have a higher risk of falls
    • Support workers should avoid trying to prevent falls as this may cause injury to both the client and the support worker
    • Instead, ease the client to the floor and protect their head
    • Consult the assigned reference material for more comprehensive information

    HCA Responsibility to Reduce Risk of Falls

    • Beds should be at knee height
    • Bed brakes should always be on
    • Call bells should be easily reached
    • Lower side rails should be down
    • Ensure comfort and proper positioning
    • Assist residents to the bathroom
    • Use non-slip socks, hip protectors, and mats
    • Have chair, bed, and door alarms
    • Continuous assessment and observation by the healthcare team

    Critical Thinking - Falls

    • Risk factors for falls in the elderly population
    • Textbook-based assistance methods for residents experiencing a fall
    • Importance of protecting the head during a fall
    • Exercises and activities (like range of motion) to improve muscle tone and strength in elderly patients

    Musculoskeletal Disorders

    • Musculoskeletal disorders impair mobility
    • Affect bones, joints, and muscles
    • Often a result of injury or aging
    • Can impact people of any age

    Fractures

    • A broken bone can lead to the injury of tissues around the fracture (muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and tendons).
    • Fractures can be closed (simple) or open (compound).
    • Causes of fractures can include falls, accidents, cancer, alcoholism, and osteoporosis.
    • Symptoms of fractures include misalignment of the limb, pain, swelling, limited movement, and bruising

    Fracture Healing

    • Bone ends are brought back to their normal positions (reduction).
    • Closed reduction involves no skin opening, whereas Open reduction involves surgery
    • Surgical procedures may use nails, rods, screws, plates, or wires
    • A cast is frequently applied during the healing period

    Critical Thinking - Scenario

    • Patient scenario with a fall and a specific fracture type
    • Hazards present at the scene (e.g., wet floor)
    • HCA responsibilities in the situation

    Cast Care

    • Casts can be made of plaster, fiberglass, or plastic
    • These materials typically cure in 24-48 hours
    • Casts are often odorless, white, and appear shiny when dry
    • HCA support staff may provide assistance with cast care (consult resources)

    Critical Thinking - Continued

    • Patient scenario with a cast and dementia
    • Symptoms for assessing fracture healing
    • Explanation of cast care
    • Method for managing patient anxiety and frustration

    Hip Fracture

    • Fractured hips are common among older adults, particularly older women
    • Postoperative risks include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, blood clots, pressure ulcers.
    • Some hip fractures require hip replacement surgeries
    • Proper preoperative and postoperative care is critical.

    Critical Thinking – Scenario 2

    • Patient scenario with hip replacement and dementia
    • Risks associated with hip replacement surgery
    • Identifying other interdisciplinary healthcare team members
    • Strategies to support the patient's goal of early discharge.
    • Techniques for demonstration of interprofessional communication

    Loss of Limb (Amputation)

    • Amputation involves removal of a limb (partial or full)
    • Causes include accidents and severe limb damage.
    • Diabetes is a frequent cause
    • Occupational and Physical Therapy may be involved

    Prostheses

    • Prostheses are artificial replacements for missing body parts
    • Occupational and physical therapists guide clients in the use of prostheses
    • Phantom limb pain is a possible complication of amputation in which patients report feeling pain in the missing limb.

    Prosthetic Skin Care

    • Prosthetic skin care is crucial due to the potential for heat and moisture buildup promoting irritation and possible infection.
    • Proper skin care practices should be followed.

    Critical Thinking – Scenario 3

    • Patient with amputation and diabetes, and self-care deficit.
    • Important assessment considerations
    • Team members to inform immediately if concerns arise
    • Goal of quick patient discharge.

    Osteoporosis

    • A bone disorder characterized by porous and brittle bones that break easily
    • Common in older adults, particularly post-menopausal women
    • Lack of estrogen and calcium, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors

    Arthritis (Osteoarthritis)

    • Inflammation of joints, with possible symptoms like swelling, redness, heat, and pain
    • Generally occurs in older adults associated with aging, joint injury, and obesity
    • Affects weightbearing joints (hips, knees, spine) and causes cartilage breakdown or eventual bone rubbing against bones.
    • Arthritis cannot be cured but symptoms can be managed

    Osteoarthritis Treatment

    • Relieving pain and stiffness, proper body alignment
    • Using medication (often pain relievers) and heat/cold applications.
    • Weight loss programs
    • Exercises and assistive devices (canes, walkers)
    • Measures to prevent falls
    • Adjusting daily activities (e.g., using elevated toilet seats)

    Critical Thinking – Scenario 4

    • Patient presenting with hip and spine pain
    • How to differentiate Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis symptoms.
    • Addressing pain management needs
    • Strategies to promote sleep to improve rest and recovery

    Gout

    • A metabolic arthritis caused by uric acid buildup in joints, frequently the big toe
    • Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, redness, and fever
    • Gout is treated with pain medication, ice packs, and anti-inflammatory drugs

    Critical Thinking - Scenario 5

    • Patient presenting with big toe pain after consuming multiple game meats.
    • Initial assessment and immediate actions for a patient with Gout
    • Possible causes of gout
    • Patient education on gout and its potential triggers
    • Helping the patient achieve their goal of going grocery shopping
    • Identifying other common foot problems in the elderly.
    • Statistics on elderly people affected by foot problems.

    Critical Thinking – Mobility and Elderly

    • Largest risk factors if lacking mobility in elderly patients
    • Other contributing factors
    • Complications that may arise
    • Strategies as an HCA to support patients

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    Week 2 - Musculoskeletal System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of the musculoskeletal system as outlined in the HCAP 1210 course. It includes critical thinking exercises regarding the roles of Physical and Occupational Therapists, the impact of physical changes on mobility, and the risk of falls in elderly populations. Prepare to test your knowledge on medical terminology and preventative measures for maintaining muscle and bone health.

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