Physical Health: Body Systems

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Questions and Answers

Which muscles aid in moving food through the intestines?

Voluntary muscles

Smooth muscles (correct)

Cardiac muscles

Skeletal muscles

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves. (correct)

The central nervous system is responsible for processing information, while the peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting information.

The central nervous system is responsible for involuntary movements, while the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements.

The central nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements, while the peripheral nervous system is responsible for involuntary movements.

What is the most important organ associated with the respiratory system?

Brain

Lungs (correct)

Liver

Heart

How do the heart and blood vessels work together as the cardiovascular system?

The heart pumps blood, which then flows through the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal of the endocrine system?

To coordinate and regulate various bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between muscular strength and muscular endurance?

Muscular strength refers to the ability to generate force quickly, while muscular endurance refers to the ability to sustain muscle activity over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility?

Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the muscles, while flexibility refers to the ability to move joints through a range of motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fitness guideline for children?

At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way to prevent drowning?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between REM and non-REM sleep?

REM sleep is when you dream, non-REM sleep is when you don't dream Signup and view all the answers

What is BMI, and how does it relate to weight classifications?

BMI is a measure of body mass, and it determines weight classifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of micronutrients in the body?

To regulate various bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for managing weight?

Engaging in regular physical activity and making healthy dietary choices Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of school food programs?

To provide nutritionally balanced meals to students in need Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to maintain food safety?

Washing hands and utensils regularly Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Systems

Bones, muscles, and tendons in the legs work together to kick a ball
Skeletal system provides support and protection for the body
Muscles responsible for running are fast-twitch muscles, while those aiding in moving food through the intestines are smooth muscles, and those helping the heart pump blood are cardiac muscles
Central nervous system (CNS) integrates and interprets sensory information, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmits signals between CNS and the rest of the body
The most important organ associated with the respiratory system is the lungs, which facilitate gas exchange
Upper respiratory tract ends at the larynx, and the lower respiratory tract begins at the trachea
Heart pumps blood, and blood vessels transport it throughout the body, forming the cardiovascular system
Accessory digestive structures include teeth, tongue, and salivary glands, which aid in digestion, whereas the digestive tract is responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients
Urine is formed in the kidneys and transported to the outside of the body through the urinary tract

Diseases

Influenza is a communicable disease that can be spread from person to person
Asthma is a non-communicable disease that cannot be spread from person to person

Fitness

Muscular strength is the ability to generate force, while muscular endurance is the ability to sustain activity over time
Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to the body's ability to transport oxygen, while flexibility refers to the range of motion in joints
FITT principles recommend varying frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for children, adolescents, and adults

Personal Care & Unintentional Injury

Personal hygiene recommendations vary by age group, with children needing frequent handwashing and adults needing regular showering and laundry
Preventing fires involves having functional smoke detectors and avoiding open flames near flammable materials
Preventing drowning involves supervising children near water and learning swimming skills
Preventing bicycle accidents involves wearing helmets and following traffic rules
Preventing falls involves removing tripping hazards and installing handrails
Responding to emergencies involves calling for help and providing basic first aid

Sleep and Health

REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreams, while non-REM sleep is characterized by slow eye movements and a lack of dreams
Stages of non-REM sleep include N1 (relaxed), N2 (light sleep), and N3 (deep sleep)
Sleep benefits health by improving cognitive function, boosting the immune system, and reducing stress
Advice for individuals having trouble sleeping includes establishing a bedtime routine and avoiding caffeine and electronics before bedtime
Infants need the most sleep (16-18 hours), while older adults need the least sleep (7-9 hours)

Nutrients

Carbohydrates are found in foods like bread, fruits, and vegetables, and provide energy for the body
Proteins are found in foods like meat, eggs, and dairy, and build and repair body tissues
Fats are found in foods like oils, nuts, and avocados, and provide energy and support brain function
Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals that benefit the body in small amounts, whereas macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that benefit the body in larger amounts

U.S. Dietary Guidelines

U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources, and limited intake of added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium

Modified Diets

Types of modified diets include gluten-free, lactose-free, and vegetarian diets
Common food allergies include peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, and soy, which can cause anaphylaxis, hives, and digestive issues

Weight Management

BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, with classifications including underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese
Dietary strategies for weight management include reducing caloric intake and increasing physical activity, while physical activity strategies include aerobic exercise and strength training

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Description

Learn about the different body systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, and respiratory systems. Understand their functions and importance in our daily lives.