Week 3 Pt2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of health screening before engaging in fitness assessments?

  • To assess the status of individuals entering a program.
  • To determine the individual's current level of fitness.
  • To identify individuals who need medical clearance before exercise testing or training. (correct)
  • To provide recommendations for personalized training programs.
  • Which of the following components is NOT considered a part of health-related physical fitness?

  • Cardio-respiratory Endurance
  • Body Composition
  • Muscular Power
  • Agility (correct)
  • What is the purpose of using normative data when assessing an individual's fitness status?

  • To compare their fitness to a standard based on age and gender. (correct)
  • To track their progress over time.
  • To identify areas of weakness to focus on in training.
  • To determine their individual fitness goals.
  • Which of the following describes the characteristic of 'objectivity' in a physical fitness test?

    <p>The test is free from bias or influence from the tester. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of informed consent when conducting physical fitness assessments?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure?

    <p>Validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of including 'economy' in the design of a physical fitness test?

    <p>It ensures the test is time-efficient to administer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in the design of physical fitness tests?

    <p>Motivation levels of participants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a physical fitness test to be valid?

    <p>The test measures what it is intended to measure accurately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting multiple trials of a physical fitness test?

    <p>To reduce random error and enhance reliability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contribute to reducing error in a physical fitness test?

    <p>Employing standardized instructions and procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to test skills that require high coordination and reaction time before potentially fatiguing tests?

    <p>To prevent fatigue from affecting the performance on subsequent tests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using multiple examiners in a subjective test?

    <p>To enhance the objectivity of the test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between objective and subjective tests in physical fitness assessment?

    <p>Objective tests rely on physical measurements, while subjective tests involve the judgment of the examiner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'measurement error' in the context of physical fitness testing?

    <p>The difference between the actual value and the observed value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good physical fitness test?

    <p>Subjectivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when evaluating the quality of a norm chart?

    <p>Whether the equipment used for the test was calibrated beforehand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about accuracy is true?

    <p>Accuracy is measured by how closely a result matches the true value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Accuracy

    A measure of how close a result is to the true value.

    Systematic errors

    Errors that consistently shift measurements in one direction away from true value, caused by instrument errors or incorrect techniques.

    Calibration

    The process of comparing and adjusting a measuring instrument against a more accurate standard.

    Norms

    Relative ratings of performance that describe a person’s position in a population compared to others.

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    Percentile

    A point in a scale of 100 divisions where a fraction of the population scores at or below that point.

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    Median

    The 50th percentile, the score that separates the higher half from the lower half in a distribution.

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    Economy in testing

    Consideration of both money costs and time required for subjects and testers when selecting a test.

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    Laboratory tests vs Field tests

    Laboratory tests require special equipment and training, while field tests do not and are simpler to administer.

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    Cardio-respiratory endurance

    The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.

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    Muscular Strength

    The maximum amount of force a muscle can produce in a single effort.

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    Objectives of Physical Fitness Testing

    Assessing individual fitness levels, designing programs, evaluating progress, motivating, and measuring success.

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    Validity

    The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

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    Reliability

    The consistency of a test's results over repeated trials.

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    Health Screening

    The process of evaluating individuals for health risks before physical assessments.

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    Informed Consent

    Voluntary acknowledgment of the purpose and risks of a fitness program.

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    Body Composition

    The proportion of fat, bone, water, and muscle in the body.

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    Measurement Error

    The difference between observed values and the true value.

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    Random Error

    Unpredictable errors that cause varied results around the true value.

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    Reducing Error

    Using strict controls and standards to minimize measurement errors.

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    Objectivity

    The degree to which a test is free from bias and subjective influences.

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    Subjective Tests

    Tests that involve personal judgment from the examiner.

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    Certification of Examiners

    Training and validating examiners to ensure consistency and reliability.

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    Study Notes

    Evaluation of Physical Fitness

    • Components of Health-Related Physical Fitness:
      • Cardio-respiratory endurance (aerobic power)
      • Muscular strength
      • Muscular endurance
      • Muscular power
      • Flexibility
      • Body composition

    Objectives of Physical Fitness Testing

    • Assess the current fitness level of individuals entering a program, often comparing it to age and gender-specific norms.
    • Design training programs and set realistic goals.
    • Evaluate progress in physical fitness.
    • Motivate individuals to participate in and adhere to an exercise program.
    • Evaluate the success of a training program in achieving its goals.

    Medical Clearance and Human Rights

    • Subjects are screened for health prior to fitness assessments.
    • The primary goal of health screening is to identify individuals requiring further medical evaluation before exercise testing or training.
    • Getting Active Questionnaire (CSEP) is a tool used for pre-screening.
    • Informed consent forms are required and must detail the purpose, procedures, assumptions, and risks.
    • Physical screening includes measuring body composition, resting heart rate, and blood pressure.
    • Screening can identify risk factors for chronic disease.

    Characteristics of a Good Physical Fitness Test

    • Measurement error: the difference between an observed value and the true value.
    • Validity: accurately measures what it is intended to measure. Test results should correlate with a criterion measure.
    • Reliability: consistency and reproducibility of results. A reliable test produces similar results when repeated.
    • Objectivity: minimizes bias, feelings, and interpretations of the examiner. Measurements should be as independent as possible from the examiner's personal factors. Use standardized procedures and measurements.
    • Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the true value. Precise measuring instruments are key.
    • Norms: allow relative comparisons among a population. The distribution of a population's scores can be used to place a person into a ranking or categorization for comparison.
      • Percentile - a point on a scale of 100, such that a certain percentage of scores fall below this point
      • Median - the 50th percentile, the middle score in a distribution.
      • Norm charts need to be evaluated to ensure proper sampling procedures were used in accordance with the distribution of the population being analysed to produce the chart.
    • Economy: factors in costs and time required for testing. The testing should be reasonable taking into account budget, materials, equipment, and time to complete testing. Select tests that balance accuracy and objectivity with practicality of use and budget.
      • Laboratory tests typically need special equipment and training.
      • Field tests might not require as much equipment, but may have less accuracy.

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