Physical Development Overview
29 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

During sleep, the brain primarily focuses on:

  • Eliminating all stored information
  • Storing all collected information
  • Consolidating and organizing information (correct)
  • Creating new neural pathways for tasks

    • What is the primary impact of sleep disruption on the brain?

  • Enhanced memory retention
  • Improved cognitive processing
  • Increased neural pathway formation
  • Decreased learning capacity (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about sleep stages is TRUE?

  • Each stage of sleep is equally important for memory function
  • All stages of sleep are equally essential for memory function
  • The brain only goes through one stage of sleep during each night
  • Each sleep stage has a unique function for memory processing (correct)

    • What does the brain do with information gathered during the day during sleep?

    <p>Analyzes and prioritizes information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sleep affect the brain's ability to form new memories?

    <p>Sleep enhances the formation of new memories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for processing and organizing memories?

    <p>Hippocampus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain areas is NOT considered fully developed until the early to mid-20s?

    <p>Prefrontal Cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin in the brain?

    <p>To enhance the speed and efficiency of information transmission between neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain structures is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst?

    <p>Hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of synaptic pruning?

    <p>The elimination of unused neural connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "brain plasticity" refer to?

    <p>The ability of the brain to change and adapt throughout life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence brain development?

    <p>Climate Change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of early childhood neglect?

    <p>Reduced intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corpus callosum?

    <p>The connection between the two hemispheres of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain areas is particularly active during adolescence?

    <p>Amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "synaptic blooming" refer to?

    <p>The formation of new neural connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Medulla oblongata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex?

    <p>Planning and decision-making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life?

    <p>The brain is constantly changing and adapting in response to new experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a situation that could negatively impact brain development?

    <p>Chronic stress and trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement "the brain is most malleable during early development" imply?

    <p>The brain is most easily influenced by experiences during early life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of physical development describes the progression of growth from the head to the toes?

    <p>Cephalocaudal principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of an adult brain's weight that an infant's brain is at birth?

    <p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to early brain development?

    <p>Hormonal imbalances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average rate of neuron generation in the brain during the fetal stage?

    <p>250,000 per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the neonatal brain particularly susceptible to negative environmental influences?

    <p>It is undergoing rapid and early growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of synapses in the brain change from birth to age 2?

    <p>It increases significantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of the proximodistal principle in action?

    <p>A toddler developing fine motor skills before gross motor skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in brain size from birth to age 2?

    <p>Growth of glial cells and synapses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Development Overview

    • Physical changes throughout life include increased height, strength, speed, agility, coordination, brain connectivity, and sensory/perceptual abilities.
    • Physical development varies in speed across the lifespan.
    • Peak physical development occurs at different points in individuals' lives.
    • Lifestyle and sleep habits affect physical growth.

    Principles of Physical Development

    • Cephalocaudal Principle: Development occurs from the head down.
    • Proximodistal Principle: Development occurs from the center of the body outward.
    • Growth spurts occur in infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood/middle childhood and puberty, followed by a decrease in adulthood.

    Brain Development

    Infancy and Childhood

    • Brain development is most sensitive during the prenatal period and throughout early childhood
    • Rapid neuron generation (250,000 per minute) during the fetal stage.
    • A newborn's brain is about 25% of adult weight.
    • Brain development involves making and strengthening synaptic connections (synaptic blooming) and eliminating unnecessary connections (synaptic pruning).
    • Myelination (coating axons with myelin) increases information transmission speed.
    • Early interactions are essential for building strong synaptic connections.
    • The brain is highly malleable during early development, but this capacity for adaptation persists throughout life.

    Brain Anatomy

    • The brain has two hemispheres and a cerebral cortex (outer layer) which is critical in perception, thinking, language, etc.
    • The cerebral cortex is thin (2-4mm) and divided into four lobes (frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal).
    • Deeper structures include the pituitary gland (links nervous and endocrine systems), hypothalamus (regulates body functions), amygdala (processes emotions), and hippocampus (processes memories).
    • Hemispheres communicate through the corpus callosum.

    Adolescence

    • Brain structure continues changing during adolescence.
    • Prefrontal cortex growth spurt.
    • Connections between prefrontal cortex and limbic system develop further.
    • Amygdala's role in emotions is heightened during adolescence.
    • Changes in the amygdala may be linked to risky behaviors.

    Adulthood

    • Brain structure continues to change.
    • Information processing speed may decrease.
    • The brain remains plastic (adaptable) throughout adulthood, allowing for healing and adjustments.
    • Genetic predisposition, nutrition, stress, drug use, mental illness, trauma, and accidents influence brain change.

    Maltreatment, Abuse, and Neglect

    • A lack of interaction with others negatively impacts the brain's necessary connections.
    • Maltreatment and neglect result in a smaller brain, reduced intelligence, and information processing deficits.
    • Nutritional deficiencies lead to brain damage.
    • Brain development is still plastic, allowing for compensation in adverse environments.

    Role of Sleep Throughout the Lifespan

    • Sleep is crucial for neural processing.
    • During sleep information is organized, unimportant details are culled, and important information is stored and combined.
    • Sleep deprivation negatively affects learning and memory retrieval.
    • Various sleep stages are important for optimal brain function.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the principles and stages of physical development, emphasizing key changes throughout the lifespan. It covers concepts such as the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles, and the significance of brain development during infancy and childhood. Test your knowledge on how lifestyle factors impact physical growth.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser