Physical Development in Early Childhood Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of reinforcement involves the introduction of a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a behavior will happen again?

  • Punishment
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Positive reinforcement (correct)
  • Operant reinforcement

In which stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory does a child begin to develop object permanence?

  • Formal operational stage
  • Concrete operational stage
  • Preoperational stage
  • Sensorimotor stage (correct)

What did Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory involve?

  • The Little Albert Experiment
  • The Bobo Doll Experiment (correct)
  • The Skinner Box Experiment
  • The Pavlov's Dog Experiment

Which approach includes the understanding that a stimulus causing a response is a key aspect of learning?

<p>Classical Conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of experimental studies?

<p>Can make statements about cause and effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative correlation between two variables mean?

<p>As one variable goes up, the other goes down (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control group in experimental studies?

<p>To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with longitudinal design in studying developmental changes over time?

<p>Participants dropping out over time may affect the results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During early childhood, which part of the brain develops faster than the right hemisphere?

<p>Frontal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amygdala in the human brain?

<p>Processes emotional information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and movement control?

<p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adult size does the human brain reach between ages 2 and 6?

<p>90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers cells to duplicate and cause growth?

<p>Growth Hormone (GH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is linked to lower IQs and behavioral problems?

<p>Stressful and emotionally insecure environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for brain growth and development?

<p>Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lack of sleep affect cognitive performance?

<p>It affects the brain's ability to form neural connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Positive Reinforcement

Introduction of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.

Sensorimotor Stage

The stage where infants develop an understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

Social Learning Theory

Learning by observing others, as demonstrated in the Bobo Doll experiment.

Classical Conditioning

Learning through associating stimuli with responses.

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Advantage of Experimental Studies

Experimental studies can determine a direct relationship between a cause and effect.

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Negative Correlation

An inverse relationship between two variables: as one increases, the other decreases.

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Purpose of a Control Group

Provides a standard for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.

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Challenge of Longitudinal Design

Participants dropping out may skew results.

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Brain Development in Early Childhood

The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain that develops faster during early childhood.

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Amygdala Function

Processes emotions.

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Cerebellum Function

Brain area that controls balance and movement.

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Brain Size by Ages 2-6

Brain size at 90% of its adult size.

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Growth Hormone (GH)

Hormone triggering cell duplication and growth.

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Impact of Stressful Environments

Can result in reduced cognitive abilities and behavioral issues.

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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Impacts brain growth and development.

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Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Impairs neural connections.

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