Physical Development in Early Childhood

What is the average height gain for a child in early childhood?

The percentage of increase in height and weight remains constant throughout early childhood.

Girls typically have more muscle mass than boys in early childhood.

What is the approximate brain size of a 3-year-old child compared to an adult?

What is myelination and how does it impact brain development?

What part of the brain experiences the most rapid growth between ages 3 and 6?

Which of the following is NOT a function typically associated with the right hemisphere of the brain?

It is accurate to say that people only use one side of their brain.

What is meant by the term "cross-lateral connections" in relation to the brain?

Men rely more on one side of their brain than women.

What is "plasticity" in terms of brain function?

Which of the following is NOT a major contributor to variations in body size?

Which of the following is NOT a potential contributor to short stature?

What type of motor development involves large muscle movements?

What is a characteristic motor skill typically developed by a 3-year-old?

What type of play behavior is often observed in 4-year-olds, reflecting their adventurous nature?

What type of play is common in 5-year-olds?

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of fine motor development in 3-year-olds?

Children's fine motor skills improve significantly between the ages of 3 and 4.

What is the connection between hand preference and brain dominance?

Evidence of hand preference is typically present in infancy.

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible origin of hand preference?

Left-handedness has been associated with higher prevalence of certain health issues.

Left-handedness has been linked to success in certain athletic activities.

What is the average daily caloric requirement for a preschool child?

What is the BMR (Basal Metabolism Rate)?

Differences in physical activity, basal metabolism, and energy efficiency are NOT considered potential explanations for variations in energy needs among children of the same age, sex, and size.

Eating habits established during the preschool years can affect eating behaviors later in life.

Which of the following is considered a leading cause of death in children aged 1-9 in Canada?

Children of parents who smoke are not at an increased risk for respiratory problems.

Canada has among the lowest child poverty rates among industrialized nations.

Aboriginal children in Canada tend to have better overall health compared to other children.

Which of the following is NOT a common health challenge faced by children in poor countries?

What is a leading cause of childhood death in poor countries?

The number of HIV-infected children has significantly decreased over the past decade.

What age range does Piaget's Preoperational Stage of Development typically encompass?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Piaget's Preoperational Stage?

Children in Piaget's Preoperational Stage are fully capable of operational thinking, meaning they can manipulate abstract concepts.

What is the defining characteristic of the Symbolic Function Substage?

Egocentrism refers to the ability to see things from another person's perspective.

What is animism in the context of cognitive development?

What is the key characteristic of Piaget's Intuitive Thought Substage?

What is "centration" and how is it evident in children's lack of conservation?

What is Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

What is "scaffolding" in the context of learning?

Vygotsky believed that private speech was a sign of egocentricity and immaturity.

Piaget emphasized the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

Vygotsky's theory has been widely embraced by educators due to its emphasis on social learning.

What is the typical duration of short-term memory?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to differences in memory span across ages?

Young children typically do not use strategies like rehearsal or organization to help them remember information.

What is "theory of mind?"

At what age do children typically begin to understand that people can have false beliefs?

Young childrens' understanding of language rules typically surpasses their ability to use those rules in speech.

Morphology refers to the study of the meaning of words.

What is "semantics" in relation to language development?

What is "pragmatics" in language development?

Which approach to early childhood education emphasizes the child as a whole and focuses on their individual needs, interests, and learning styles?

Which approach to early childhood education emphasizes child-directed learning, freedom of choice, and hands-on activities?

The Montessori Approach is often criticized for neglecting children's social development and restricting imaginative play.

Developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education are based on the knowledge of the physical and cognitive development of children within a particular age span.

Direct teaching through abstract paper-and-pencil activities presented to large groups of young children is considered developmentally appropriate for preschoolers.

Preschool attendance is not considered essential for children whose parents have the time and resources to provide them with a variety of learning experiences.

Preschool attendance is especially beneficial for children from disadvantaged backgrounds who may not have access to the same learning opportunities at home.

Which parenting style is characterized by high levels of control and demands, with little warmth or responsiveness?

Which parenting style is considered the most effective, characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and clear expectations?

Which parenting style is characterized by a lack of involvement and low levels of responsiveness?

Which parenting style is characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness but with few limits or controls?

Which of the following parenting style metaphors is NOT associated with Barbara Collarosa's classification of parenting styles?

Research suggests that corporal punishment is associated with lower levels of immediate compliance but higher levels of moral internalization.

What is the preferred term for child abuse and neglect?

Which of the following is NOT a common form of child maltreatment?

Families that engage in abusive behaviors are often themselves products of abusive families.

Which of the following is NOT a common developmental consequence of child maltreatment?

Physical abuse is linked to an increased risk of mental health problems, including depression and anxiety.

What are peers in the context of child development?

Children who are rejected by their peers are at an increased risk for developing depression.

Aggressive behavior in children is often associated with fewer behavioral and academic problems.

What is play and what are its primary functions in child development?

Which of the following is NOT one of Parten's categories of social play?

What is the most advanced form of play, characterized by shared goals, organized activity, and a sense of group identity?

Which type of play involves children engaging in repetitive behaviors to practice new skills?

The preschool years are often considered the "golden age" of pretense/symbolic play.

Which type of play involves children combining sensorimotor and symbolic activity to create products or solve problems?

Games typically involve rules and competition, with increased popularity during elementary school years.

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative influence of television on children?

Television can be a positive influence on children by presenting educational programs and promoting prosocial behavior.

Children in the U.S. watch less television than children in most other developed countries.

There is a strong causal relationship between the amount of violence viewed on television and children's aggressive behavior.

Television can effectively teach children prosocial behaviors, as demonstrated by the positive impact of programs like Sesame Street.