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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when liquid water turns into gas at the surface?
What is the process called when liquid water turns into gas at the surface?
Evaporation
What force must be overcome for a particle to evaporate from the surface of a liquid?
What force must be overcome for a particle to evaporate from the surface of a liquid?
Air pressure
What is the opposite process of melting, and what does it involve?
What is the opposite process of melting, and what does it involve?
Freezing, which involves the change of state from liquid to solid.
Define condensation and mention how it relates to the energy of gas particles.
Define condensation and mention how it relates to the energy of gas particles.
How does the temperature of a substance behave during boiling?
How does the temperature of a substance behave during boiling?
What role does thermal energy play in the freezing process?
What role does thermal energy play in the freezing process?
Explain how the energy of particles affects their ability to overcome attractive forces.
Explain how the energy of particles affects their ability to overcome attractive forces.
What happens to water vapor particles as they cool down and condense?
What happens to water vapor particles as they cool down and condense?
Can the boiling and freezing points of a substance be affected by pressure? Provide a brief explanation.
Can the boiling and freezing points of a substance be affected by pressure? Provide a brief explanation.
What is the significance of the term 'boiling point' in the context of phase changes?
What is the significance of the term 'boiling point' in the context of phase changes?
What type of change occurs when baking a cake?
What type of change occurs when baking a cake?
What is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas?
What is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas?
How does thermal energy affect the state of matter?
How does thermal energy affect the state of matter?
During a change of state, what happens to the mass of the matter?
During a change of state, what happens to the mass of the matter?
Which of the following is classified as a reversible change: rusting of iron or melting of ice?
Which of the following is classified as a reversible change: rusting of iron or melting of ice?
What causes particles in a substance to speed up during melting?
What causes particles in a substance to speed up during melting?
What is the term for the change in state from a liquid to a gas occurring at the surface?
What is the term for the change in state from a liquid to a gas occurring at the surface?
Which change in state corresponds to the release of thermal energy?
Which change in state corresponds to the release of thermal energy?
What happens to the spacing of particles during freezing?
What happens to the spacing of particles during freezing?
Which physical change does not alter the identity of the substance?
Which physical change does not alter the identity of the substance?
Flashcards
Boiling
Boiling
The process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling point
Boiling point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Evaporation
Evaporation
The process of vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.
Air pressure
Air pressure
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Freezing
Freezing
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Freezing point
Freezing point
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Condensation
Condensation
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Freezing
Freezing
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Condensation
Condensation
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Melting
Melting
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Physical change
Physical change
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Sublimation
Sublimation
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Conservation of Mass in Changes of State
Conservation of Mass in Changes of State
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Melting Point
Melting Point
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Reversible Change
Reversible Change
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Study Notes
Physical Change
- A physical change alters one or more physical properties of a substance, but the substance's identity remains the same.
- Examples include changes of state, dissolving, and cutting.
Examples of Physical Changes
- Water turning into ice
- Baking a cake
- Cutting a paper
- Folding clothes
- Water droplets on a cooking pan lid
Examples of Changes that are Not Physical Changes
- Burning a match
- Frying an egg
- Rusting of iron
- A green tomato turning red
Changing States of Matter
- Changing the state of matter involves transferring energy.
- Thermal energy is involved in changing the state of matter
- Examples include melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.
Processes of Changing State
- Melting: The change from solid to liquid. Energy is required.
- Freezing: The change from liquid to solid. Energy is released.
- Evaporation: The change from liquid to gas. Energy is required.
- Condensation: The change from gas to liquid. Energy is released.
- Sublimation: The change from solid directly to gas. Energy is required.
What Happens During a Change of State?
- The number of particles does not change during a change of state.
- The total mass of matter does not change during a change of state.
Melting (Detailed)
- During melting, adding thermal energy causes particles to speed up.
- Particles break away from the fixed positions of the solid, becoming more spaced out, in a liquid state.
- The melting point is the temperature at which this occurs, remaining constant until all of the solid changes to liquid.
Boiling (Detailed)
- Boiling is when vaporization occurs throughout the liquid.
- A substance will maintain a constant temperature at its boiling point until all the liquid particles are in gas state.
- The bubbles formed at the boiling point contain water vapor, a gas.
Evaporation (Detailed)
- Evaporation happens at the surface of a liquid.
- Particles at the liquid surface gain enough energy to overcome attractive forces to other particles in the liquid and enter the gaseous state.
- Pressure also plays a role; particles need to overcome atmospheric pressure to fully evaporate.
Freezing (Detailed)
- Freezing reverses melting.
- Removing thermal energy slows particles.
- Particles lose energy and move closer together, organizing in a fixed position in the solid state.
- The freezing point is when liquid converts to solid.
Condensation (Detailed)
- Reverses evaporation.
- Removing energy from gaseous particles slows them down.
- Particles move closer together, forming stronger attractive forces that create the liquid state.
Change of State Diagram
- The diagram shows how temperature changes during a change of state.
- Note the stable horizontal lines at the specific point during phase transition, which shows the stable thermal energy state during a change of matter state.
Reversible or Irreversible?
- Changes of state are generally reversible, meaning one can typically return substances to their original state.
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