Physical Activity and Exercise Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity?

Cardiorespiratory endurance (correct)

Body composition

Muscular endurance

Muscular strength

Which component of health-related physical fitness refers to the ability of muscle to exert force?

Muscular strength (correct)

Flexibility

Muscular endurance

Cardiorespiratory endurance

What component assesses the range of motion available at a joint?

Flexibility (correct)

Muscular strength

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Body composition

What method is used to estimate moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults?

Multiplying answers from two specific questions Signup and view all the answers

Which age group does not have specific physical activity guidelines according to the current recommendations?

Seniors (65 years and older) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'exercise is medicine' promote in clinical practices?

Standardizing physical activity assessment and exercise prescription Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes muscular endurance?

Ability of muscle to continue performing without fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is body composition primarily concerned with?

The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of healthy Canadian adults are reported to achieve the recommended levels of daily physical activity?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a disease risk factor for physical inactivity?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of targeted interventions for physical activity in healthy Canadian children and adults?

To promote moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym FITT stand for in exercise prescription?

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise testing for individuals with chronic conditions?

The prudence of testing should be considered based on the individual. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between increased moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and chronic disease?

Increased MVPA reduces the adverse effects of chronic disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does the downward spiral of chronic disease imply in relation to physical activity?

Lack of physical activity can exacerbate chronic conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Chronic Care Model regarding physical activity recommendations?

Disease burden requires the same exercise recommendations as for healthy individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the exercise programming process?

Assess current health status Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is NOT part of the recommended physical performance assessments?

Blood pressure measurement Signup and view all the answers

Which step emphasizes the importance of patient preference in exercise programming?

Step 7 Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms are identified in Step 3 that can limit physical activity?

Exertional symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of exercise tolerance testing protocol considered in Step 6?

Variable intensity protocol Signup and view all the answers

In Step 4, which classification indicates a person with severely impaired physical function?

Severely impaired, very low functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Step 8 in the exercise programming process?

Monitoring progress Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is important in Step 7 when considering program referral?

Location that encourages adherence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exercise as defined in the content?

Planned and structured movement to improve fitness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes relative risk?

A comparison of how risk factors influence specific outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT considered part of skill-related physical fitness?

Muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

Which of these attributes relates to the ability to maintain equilibrium?

Balance Signup and view all the answers

What defines physical fitness as per the provided information?

An assortment of physical abilities and characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which skill-related fitness component describes the speed of response to a stimulus?

Reaction time Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of physical fitness measures the ability to perform work effectively?

Power Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of physical activity?

Any movement resulting in increased caloric usage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations

Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles resulting in an increase in caloric expenditure over resting energy expenditure.
Exercise is planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain components of physical fitness.
Physical fitness is a set of attributes or characteristics that relate to an individual's ability to perform physical activity.

Agility: Ability to change the body's position in space with speed and accuracy.
Coordination: Ability to use senses (sight, hearing) and body parts together for smooth and accurate task performance.
Balance: Maintaining equilibrium while stationary or moving.
Power: Ability/rate to perform work.
Reaction time: Time elapsed between stimulation and the reaction to it.
Speed: Ability to perform a movement in a short period.

Cardiorespiratory endurance: Ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.
Body composition: Relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital body parts.
Muscular strength: Muscle's ability to exert force.
Muscular endurance: Muscle's ability to perform without fatigue.
Flexibility: Range of motion at a joint.

Exercise is Medicine (ACSM Textbook)

EIM targets healthy adults, not those with chronic disease.
MVPA is estimated based on daily frequency and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Physical Activity Guidelines (Early Years, Children, Youth)

Infants (under 1 year) are encouraged to be physically active through interactive floor play.
Toddlers (1-2 years) and preschoolers (3-4 years) should accumulate at least 180 minutes of physical activity daily, including activities that develop movement skills and progression toward 60+ minutes of energetic play by age 5.
Children (5-11 years) should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity daily. Daily activity should include vigorous activities at least 3 days/week, and activities that strengthen muscle/bone at least 3 days/week.
Youth (12-17 years) should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity daily. Daily activity should include vigorous activities at least 3 days/week, and activities that strengthen muscle/bone at least 3 days/week.

Current Physical Activity Levels in Children

Research by Colley, Garriguet, Janssen, Craig, Clarke, and Tremblay (2007-2009) investigated physical activity levels of Canadian children (6-19 years).
Study analyzed data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

Disease Risk Factors

Family history
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
Impaired fasting glucose
Obesity
Physical inactivity

What Do These Trends Suggest?

A majority of "healthy" Canadian children and adults do not meet recommended MVPA guidelines.
Direct implications for health are evident.
Targeted interventions to promote MVPA are required.

ACSM: Chronic Care Model and Population Health

Recommendations for patients with chronic conditions are similar to guidelines for healthy individuals.
Barriers to exercise must be considered for chronic conditions patients.

Exercise Testing

Assess the need for exercise testing before management programs.
Consider client prudence, and select appropriate tests.
The Short Physical Performance Battery may be a useful alternative.

Essential Steps for Exercise Programming

Step 1: Assessment - Check health history, symptoms, cardiovascular restrictions, and relevant treatments.
Step 2: Assessment - Determine clients current level of physical activity.
Step 3: Assessment - Identify exertional symptoms (and their impact on physical activity.
Step 4: Assessment - Evaluate physical function and performance (e.g. mildly impaired, moderately impaired)
Step 5: Assessment - Select recommended physical performance tests (e.g. ADL questionnaires, six-minute walk test)
Step 6: Testing - Consider protocol for formal exercise tolerance testing.
Step 7: Referral - Assess for program referral based on limitations in physical function, clinical condition, safety, and client/patient preferences.
Step 8: Monitoring - Develop strategy for monitoring progress (participation, clinical responses, fitness levels).

ACSM Health and Disease in Relation to Physical Activity

Physical activity can influence a downward spiral of chronic diseases.
Increasing MVPA can reduce the cascade of adverse effects.

Two Styles of Exercise Prescription

FITT Style – Focuses on frequency, intensity, time, and type of activity.
Pharmacy Style – Examines the indication, specific exercises, dose (duration/repetition), progression & cautions relating to chronic conditions and exercise (with specific risks considered).

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of physical activity and exercise, including key terms related to skill-related fitness components. This quiz covers definitions, attributes, and the importance of maintaining physical fitness. Test your knowledge on agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, and speed.