Physical Activity and Exercise Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity?

  • Cardiorespiratory endurance (correct)
  • Body composition
  • Muscular endurance
  • Muscular strength
  • Which component of health-related physical fitness refers to the ability of muscle to exert force?

  • Muscular strength (correct)
  • Flexibility
  • Muscular endurance
  • Cardiorespiratory endurance
  • What component assesses the range of motion available at a joint?

  • Flexibility (correct)
  • Muscular strength
  • Cardiorespiratory endurance
  • Body composition
  • What method is used to estimate moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults?

    <p>Multiplying answers from two specific questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group does not have specific physical activity guidelines according to the current recommendations?

    <p>Seniors (65 years and older) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'exercise is medicine' promote in clinical practices?

    <p>Standardizing physical activity assessment and exercise prescription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes muscular endurance?

    <p>Ability of muscle to continue performing without fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is body composition primarily concerned with?

    <p>The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of healthy Canadian adults are reported to achieve the recommended levels of daily physical activity?

    <p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a disease risk factor for physical inactivity?

    <p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of targeted interventions for physical activity in healthy Canadian children and adults?

    <p>To promote moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym FITT stand for in exercise prescription?

    <p>Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise testing for individuals with chronic conditions?

    <p>The prudence of testing should be considered based on the individual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between increased moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and chronic disease?

    <p>Increased MVPA reduces the adverse effects of chronic disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the downward spiral of chronic disease imply in relation to physical activity?

    <p>Lack of physical activity can exacerbate chronic conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Chronic Care Model regarding physical activity recommendations?

    <p>Disease burden requires the same exercise recommendations as for healthy individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the exercise programming process?

    <p>Assess current health status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment is NOT part of the recommended physical performance assessments?

    <p>Blood pressure measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step emphasizes the importance of patient preference in exercise programming?

    <p>Step 7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms are identified in Step 3 that can limit physical activity?

    <p>Exertional symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of exercise tolerance testing protocol considered in Step 6?

    <p>Variable intensity protocol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Step 4, which classification indicates a person with severely impaired physical function?

    <p>Severely impaired, very low functioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Step 8 in the exercise programming process?

    <p>Monitoring progress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is important in Step 7 when considering program referral?

    <p>Location that encourages adherence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of exercise as defined in the content?

    <p>Planned and structured movement to improve fitness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes relative risk?

    <p>A comparison of how risk factors influence specific outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT considered part of skill-related physical fitness?

    <p>Muscle strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these attributes relates to the ability to maintain equilibrium?

    <p>Balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines physical fitness as per the provided information?

    <p>An assortment of physical abilities and characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill-related fitness component describes the speed of response to a stimulus?

    <p>Reaction time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of physical fitness measures the ability to perform work effectively?

    <p>Power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the concept of physical activity?

    <p>Any movement resulting in increased caloric usage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Physical activity

    Any body movement produced by skeletal muscle contractions that burns more energy than resting.

    Exercise

    Structured physical activities designed to improve or maintain fitness.

    Physical fitness

    The ability to perform different physical tasks.

    Relative Risk

    A measure of a risk factor's influence on a specific outcome.

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    Agility

    The ability to quickly change positions of the body with accuracy.

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    Coordination

    The ability to use senses and body parts together smoothly and accurately.

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    Balance

    Maintaining balance while standing or moving.

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    Power

    The ability to perform work quickly.

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    Cardiorespiratory Endurance

    The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.

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    Body Composition

    The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body.

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    Muscular Strength

    The ability of muscle to exert force.

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    Muscular Endurance

    The ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue.

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    Flexibility

    The range of motion available at a joint.

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    Health-Related Physical Fitness

    Physical activity, exercise, nutrition, and other lifestyle factors that contribute to good health.

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    MVPA Estimation

    Estimating how much moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) someone does.

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    Exercise is Medicine (EIM)

    Using physical activity and exercise as a standard treatment for all patients.

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    Recommended MVPA

    The amount of physical activity recommended for individuals to maintain good health.

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    Disease Risk Factors

    The chances of developing a disease based on various factors like genetics, lifestyle, and environment.

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    Exercise Prescription

    A structured approach to promote physical activity through a tailored plan that considers an individual's health status, goals, and preferences.

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    Exercise Testing

    A systematic assessment of an individual's physical abilities, often involving measurements like heart rate, blood pressure, and exercise capacity.

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    ACSM Chronic Care Model

    A comprehensive model for chronic disease management that emphasizes regular physical activity as a foundation for improved health and reduced disease burden.

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    Population Health

    A systematic approach to promoting physical activity in specific populations, particularly focusing on those with chronic conditions.

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    FITT Principle

    A set of principles that guide the design of exercise programs, considering factors like frequency, intensity, time, and type of activity.

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    Assessing current health status

    Evaluating a patient's current health conditions, including past medical history, present symptoms, and limitations on physical activity. This is crucial for understanding their baseline and risks before initiating exercise.

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    Assessing current level of physical activity

    Determining the patient's current activity level, including types of activities and frequency. This helps tailor the exercise program to their current capabilities.

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    Identify exertional symptoms

    Identifying specific symptoms that may arise during physical activity, including their intensity, nature, and recovery time. This helps personalize the exercise program to manage potential problems.

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    Evaluate physical function and performance

    Evaluating a patient's ability to perform daily activities, ranging from mild impairment to severe disability. This helps determine appropriate exercise intensity and types.

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    Select physical performance assessments

    Selecting appropriate physical performance assessments, like questionnaires about daily activities or standardized tests like the Six-Minute Walk Test.

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    Considerations for exercise tolerance testing

    Considering the need for a formal exercise tolerance test, which helps determine exercise capacity and safely design exercise programs.

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    Considerations for program referral

    Deciding whether to refer a patient to a specific program based on their limitations, medical conditions, preferences, and accessibility.

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    Monitoring progress

    Developing a strategy for monitoring progress, including tracking participation, observing clinical responses, and measuring fitness improvements over time.

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    Study Notes

    Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations

    • Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles resulting in an increase in caloric expenditure over resting energy expenditure.
    • Exercise is planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain components of physical fitness.
    • Physical fitness is a set of attributes or characteristics that relate to an individual's ability to perform physical activity.
    • Agility: Ability to change the body's position in space with speed and accuracy.
    • Coordination: Ability to use senses (sight, hearing) and body parts together for smooth and accurate task performance.
    • Balance: Maintaining equilibrium while stationary or moving.
    • Power: Ability/rate to perform work.
    • Reaction time: Time elapsed between stimulation and the reaction to it.
    • Speed: Ability to perform a movement in a short period.
    • Cardiorespiratory endurance: Ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.
    • Body composition: Relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital body parts.
    • Muscular strength: Muscle's ability to exert force.
    • Muscular endurance: Muscle's ability to perform without fatigue.
    • Flexibility: Range of motion at a joint.

    Exercise is Medicine (ACSM Textbook)

    • EIM targets healthy adults, not those with chronic disease.
    • MVPA is estimated based on daily frequency and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

    Physical Activity Guidelines (Early Years, Children, Youth)

    • Infants (under 1 year) are encouraged to be physically active through interactive floor play.
    • Toddlers (1-2 years) and preschoolers (3-4 years) should accumulate at least 180 minutes of physical activity daily, including activities that develop movement skills and progression toward 60+ minutes of energetic play by age 5.
    • Children (5-11 years) should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity daily. Daily activity should include vigorous activities at least 3 days/week, and activities that strengthen muscle/bone at least 3 days/week.
    • Youth (12-17 years) should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity daily. Daily activity should include vigorous activities at least 3 days/week, and activities that strengthen muscle/bone at least 3 days/week.

    Current Physical Activity Levels in Children

    • Research by Colley, Garriguet, Janssen, Craig, Clarke, and Tremblay (2007-2009) investigated physical activity levels of Canadian children (6-19 years).
    • Study analyzed data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

    Disease Risk Factors

    • Family history
    • Hypercholesterolemia
    • Hypertension
    • Cigarette smoking
    • Impaired fasting glucose
    • Obesity
    • Physical inactivity
    • A majority of "healthy" Canadian children and adults do not meet recommended MVPA guidelines.
    • Direct implications for health are evident.
    • Targeted interventions to promote MVPA are required.

    ACSM: Chronic Care Model and Population Health

    • Recommendations for patients with chronic conditions are similar to guidelines for healthy individuals.
    • Barriers to exercise must be considered for chronic conditions patients.

    Exercise Testing

    • Assess the need for exercise testing before management programs.
    • Consider client prudence, and select appropriate tests.
    • The Short Physical Performance Battery may be a useful alternative.

    Essential Steps for Exercise Programming

    • Step 1: Assessment - Check health history, symptoms, cardiovascular restrictions, and relevant treatments.
    • Step 2: Assessment - Determine clients current level of physical activity.
    • Step 3: Assessment - Identify exertional symptoms (and their impact on physical activity.
    • Step 4: Assessment - Evaluate physical function and performance (e.g. mildly impaired, moderately impaired)
    • Step 5: Assessment - Select recommended physical performance tests (e.g. ADL questionnaires, six-minute walk test)
    • Step 6: Testing - Consider protocol for formal exercise tolerance testing.
    • Step 7: Referral - Assess for program referral based on limitations in physical function, clinical condition, safety, and client/patient preferences.
    • Step 8: Monitoring - Develop strategy for monitoring progress (participation, clinical responses, fitness levels).

    ACSM Health and Disease in Relation to Physical Activity

    • Physical activity can influence a downward spiral of chronic diseases.
    • Increasing MVPA can reduce the cascade of adverse effects.

    Two Styles of Exercise Prescription

    • FITT Style – Focuses on frequency, intensity, time, and type of activity.
    • Pharmacy Style – Examines the indication, specific exercises, dose (duration/repetition), progression & cautions relating to chronic conditions and exercise (with specific risks considered).

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of physical activity and exercise, including key terms related to skill-related fitness components. This quiz covers definitions, attributes, and the importance of maintaining physical fitness. Test your knowledge on agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, and speed.

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