Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary distinction between physical activity and physical fitness?
Which of the following best describes the primary distinction between physical activity and physical fitness?
- Physical activity is a state of being, while physical fitness is a behavior.
- Physical fitness is genetically determined, whereas physical activity is solely influenced by environmental factors.
- Physical fitness is a short-term condition, and physical activity is a lifelong pursuit.
- Physical activity relates to the performance of tasks, while physical fitness is a set of measurable attributes. (correct)
Early civilizations relied on physical activity for survival. How did their activities most directly contribute to evolutionary adaptation?
Early civilizations relied on physical activity for survival. How did their activities most directly contribute to evolutionary adaptation?
- By reducing the need for technological innovation and promoting reliance on natural resources.
- By favoring individuals capable of efficient movement and energy expenditure for hunting and gathering. (correct)
- By increasing population density and promoting social interaction.
- By selecting for individuals with traits suited for energy conservation during scarcity.
How does the adaptation to physical activity enhance the survival prospects of a species?
How does the adaptation to physical activity enhance the survival prospects of a species?
- By promoting genetic uniformity within the population.
- By decreasing the need for social interaction and cooperation.
- By improving the efficiency of physiological systems, leading to better resource utilization and stress response. (correct)
- By increasing susceptibility to acute injuries.
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the shift that led to reduced activity levels in modern society?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the shift that led to reduced activity levels in modern society?
How do acute and chronic responses to exercise differ in their effects on the cardiovascular system?
How do acute and chronic responses to exercise differ in their effects on the cardiovascular system?
According to the 2018 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines, what is the recommended minimum amount of moderate-intensity aerobic activity for adults per week?
According to the 2018 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines, what is the recommended minimum amount of moderate-intensity aerobic activity for adults per week?
An individual who starts walking daily notices feeling more energetic and sleeping better. Which type of benefit from physical activity is this person experiencing?
An individual who starts walking daily notices feeling more energetic and sleeping better. Which type of benefit from physical activity is this person experiencing?
Which combination of exercise types is included in the 2018 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines for adults?
Which combination of exercise types is included in the 2018 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines for adults?
Which of the following best describes the role of physical activity in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Which of the following best describes the role of physical activity in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)?
How does physical activity improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with impaired fasting glucose?
How does physical activity improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with impaired fasting glucose?
Flashcards
Chronic Disease
Chronic Disease
A long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured. Examples include heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arthritis.
Physical Activity
Physical Activity
Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure.
Physical Fitness
Physical Fitness
The ability to perform physical activity. It's a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.
Necessity of Activity (Early Civilizations)
Necessity of Activity (Early Civilizations)
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Adaptation to Physical Activity
Adaptation to Physical Activity
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Acute vs. Chronic Responses
Acute vs. Chronic Responses
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U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines (2018)
U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines (2018)
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Three Exercise Types (2018 Guidelines)
Three Exercise Types (2018 Guidelines)
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
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CHD Risk Factors
CHD Risk Factors
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Study Notes
- Chronic diseases can be prevented by physical activity
Physical Activity & Types
- Physical activity comprises bodily movements that increase energy expenditure above resting levels
- Exercise is a type of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive, with the objective of improving or maintaining physical fitness
- Physical fitness is a set of attributes or characteristics individuals have or achieve that relates to their ability to perform physical activity
- Physical activity can be classified into four types:
- Aerobic
- Muscle-strengthening
- Bone-strengthening
- Flexibility
Physical Activity vs Physical Fitness
- Physical activity refers to the behavior of movement
- Physical fitness is an attribute or set of attributes
Early Civilizations & Physical Activity
- Early civilizations needed to be active for survival purposes like hunting and gathering
- Adaptations from physical activity ensured survival
Activity Then & Now
- Early human activities like running, lifting, and carrying are reflected in today's exercise plans
- Technological advancements reduced necessary activity levels
- Human biology still adapts to physical activity
- Early humans expended more energy than modern humans
Adaptation to Activity
- The human species adapts to physical activity to improve efficiency and function.
Acute vs Chronic Response
- Acute responses are immediate changes in the body during exercise
- Chronic responses are long-term adaptations to regular exercise.
Cardiovascular System & Exercise
- Acute cardiovascular responses include increased heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output
- Chronic cardiovascular adaptations include lower resting heart rate
- Increased stroke volume
- Improved blood vessel function
U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines
- Adults should engage in at least 150-300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity
- Muscle-strengthening activities should be performed on two or more days per week
Immediate Benefits of Physical Activity
- Reduced blood pressure
- Reduced anxiety
- Improved sleep
- Improved insulin sensitivity
Exercise Types (2018 Guidelines)
- Aerobic exercise involves continuous rhythmic movements
- Muscle-strengthening exercise involves resistance to contract muscles
- Flexibility exercise involves stretching to improve range of motion
Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis is a process where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to heart disease
Risk Factors for Heart Disease
- Behavioral risk factors: poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking
- Cardiometabolic risk factors: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, impaired fasting glucose
Physical Activity & Heart Disease
- Physical activity reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) through various mechanisms
- Improves muscle function
- Improves blood vessel function
- Strengthens the heart
Physical Activity & Health
- Physical activity helps reduce cholesterol levels
- Lowers hypertension
- Reduces obesity
- Improves insulin sensitivity, which helps manage impaired fasting glucose
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