Phylum Porifera: The Sponges

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Questions and Answers

What is the pathway of water transport in sponges helpful for?

  • Reproduction and larval development
  • Food gathering and respiratory exchange (correct)
  • Protection and defense
  • Digestion and excretion

What type of animals are commonly known as sponges?

  • Symmetrical animals
  • Marine animals (correct)
  • Primitive multicellular animals
  • Intracellular animals

What supports the body of sponges?

  • Endoskeleton made of cartilage
  • Skeleton made up of spicules or spongin fibres (correct)
  • Exoskeleton made of chitin
  • Hydrostatic skeleton

What is the reproductive condition of sponges?

<p>Hermaphrodite (both sexes produced by the same individual) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges reproduce asexually?

<p>By fragmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the water transport or canal system in sponges?

<p>Food gathering, respiratory exchange, and waste removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the spongocoel and canals in sponges?

<p>Choanocytes or collar cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is digestion carried out in sponges?

<p>Intracellularly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the skeleton that supports the body of sponges?

<p>Spicules or spongin fibres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges reproduce sexually?

<p>Formation of gametes and internal fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Characteristics of Sponges

  • Sponges are commonly known as Porifera, a type of animal.
  • The body of sponges is supported by a skeleton composed of calcium carbonate or silica spicules.

Water Transport System

  • The water transport or canal system in sponges is helpful for bringing food particles and oxygen to cells and removing waste products.
  • The main function of the water transport system is to facilitate the exchange of materials between the sponge and its environment.

Spongocoel and Canals

  • The spongocoel (central cavity) and canals in sponges are lined with specialized cells called choanocytes.

Nutrition and Digestion

  • Digestion in sponges is an intracellular process, meaning it occurs within cells.

Reproduction

  • Sponges are hermaphroditic, meaning they have both male and female reproductive organs.
  • Sponges reproduce asexually through the formation of gemmules, which are specialized structures that can develop into new individuals.
  • Sponges reproduce sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into the water column, which then fuse to form a zygote.

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