30 Questions
What is the primary source of energy for the body?
Carbohydrates
What is the general empirical formula for carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n
What is the most abundant carbohydrate in human metabolism?
Glucose
What is the characteristic group present in carbohydrates?
Hydroxyl group
What is the classification of monosaccharides based on?
Number of carbon atoms
If a carbohydrate has 6 carbons, what would be its molecular formula?
C6H12O6
What do the prefixes tri-, tetr-, pent- etc indicate in a monosaccharide?
The number of carbon atoms
What is the simplest form of monosaccharide?
A triose
What is the main reason pentoses and hexoses tend to form rings?
To improve their stability
What is a characteristic of all carbohydrates?
They contain at least one asymmetrical carbon atom
What is the significance of glyceraldehyde in the context of monosaccharides?
It is used as the standard reference molecule
What is the result of the presence of asymmetric carbon atoms in monosaccharides?
They confer optical activity
What type of glycosidic bond links glucose and fructose in sucrose?
α(1à2)β glycosidic bond
Which disaccharide is also known as 'milk sugar'?
Lactose
What is the main function of oligosaccharides in the cell membrane?
Cell recognition and cell adhesion
What is the characteristic of polysaccharides?
They are joined by O-glycosidic linkages in one continuous chain
Which type of sugar is fucose?
A 6-carbon L-sugar
What is the purpose of the oligosaccharides on the surface of red blood cells?
To help determine the ABO blood group
Which type of polysaccharide is composed of only α-glucose units?
Storage polysaccharides
What is the main function of starch in plants?
Storing energy for plants
What type of bond is responsible for branching in amylopectin?
α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
What is the difference between the structure of glycogen and amylopectin?
The branching occurs at every 12 glucose units in glycogen
What is the name of the 5-carbon aldehyde sugar found in nucleic acids?
Ribose
What is another name for heteropolysaccharides?
Glycosaminoglycans
What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the body?
Providing lubrication and shock absorption
What is the repeating disaccharide unit found in chitin?
N-acetylglucosamine-D-glucuronic acid
What is the medical application of chitin?
Biodegradable surgical thread
What is the function of heparin in the body?
Preventing blood clotting
What is the composition of chondroitin 6-sulphate?
Glucuronic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine
What is the recommended use of chondroitin 6-sulphate?
Managing osteoarthritis
This quiz covers the structure and functions of carbohydrates, including their role as a primary source of energy and as structural components. Learn about the characteristics of macromolecules, including polymerization and the four major types. Test your knowledge of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
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