Y1S2 009 II Biochem Carbohydrate Structure and Macromolecules

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What is the primary source of energy for the body?

Carbohydrates (correct)
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Proteins

What is the general empirical formula for carbohydrates?

Cn(H2O)m
Cn(OH)m
Cn(OH)n
Cn(H2O)n (correct)

What is the most abundant carbohydrate in human metabolism?

Glucose (correct)
Maltose
Galactose
Fructose

What is the characteristic group present in carbohydrates?

Hydroxyl group (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of monosaccharides based on?

Number of carbon atoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a carbohydrate has 6 carbons, what would be its molecular formula?

C6H12O6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do the prefixes tri-, tetr-, pent- etc indicate in a monosaccharide?

The number of carbon atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest form of monosaccharide?

A triose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason pentoses and hexoses tend to form rings?

To improve their stability (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of all carbohydrates?

They contain at least one asymmetrical carbon atom (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glyceraldehyde in the context of monosaccharides?

It is used as the standard reference molecule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the presence of asymmetric carbon atoms in monosaccharides?

They confer optical activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of glycosidic bond links glucose and fructose in sucrose?

α(1à2)β glycosidic bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is also known as 'milk sugar'?

Lactose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oligosaccharides in the cell membrane?

Cell recognition and cell adhesion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of polysaccharides?

They are joined by O-glycosidic linkages in one continuous chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sugar is fucose?

A 6-carbon L-sugar (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the oligosaccharides on the surface of red blood cells?

To help determine the ABO blood group (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polysaccharide is composed of only α-glucose units?

Storage polysaccharides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of starch in plants?

Storing energy for plants (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is responsible for branching in amylopectin?

α-1,6 glycosidic bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the structure of glycogen and amylopectin?

The branching occurs at every 12 glucose units in glycogen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the 5-carbon aldehyde sugar found in nucleic acids?

Ribose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for heteropolysaccharides?

Glycosaminoglycans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid in the body?

Providing lubrication and shock absorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the repeating disaccharide unit found in chitin?

N-acetylglucosamine-D-glucuronic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical application of chitin?

Biodegradable surgical thread (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heparin in the body?

Preventing blood clotting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of chondroitin 6-sulphate?

Glucuronic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended use of chondroitin 6-sulphate?

Managing osteoarthritis (A) Signup and view all the answers