Carbohydrate Structure: Macromolecules and Energy Source
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Questions and Answers

What is the general empirical formula of carbohydrates?

  • $C_n(H_2O)_{n-1}$
  • $C_n(H_2O)_{2n}$
  • $C_n(H_2O)_n$ (correct)
  • $C_n(H_2O)_{n+1}$

If a carbohydrate has 5 carbon atoms, what would be its molecular formula?

  • $C_5H_{10}O_5$ (correct)
  • $C_5H_{10}O_4$
  • $C_5H_{12}O_6$
  • $C_5H_{12}O_5$

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of macromolecules?

  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Steroids (correct)

What is the most important simple carbohydrate in human metabolism according to the text?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbohydrates according to the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are monosaccharides classified according to the text?

<p>By the number of carbon atoms and the characteristic carbonyl group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the prefixes tri-, tetr-, pent- in the context of monosaccharides?

<p>They indicate the number of carbon atoms in the monosaccharide ring structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the linear and cyclic forms of monosaccharides is correct?

<p>Pentoses and hexoses tend to form cyclic structures to improve stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of asymmetric (chiral) carbon atoms in monosaccharides?

<p>It allows for the formation of different stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and epimers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides has no chiral carbon atoms?

<p>Dihydroxyacetone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glyceraldehyde as a reference molecule in the context of monosaccharides?

<p>Glyceraldehyde is the simplest monosaccharide and is used as a standard reference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the classifications of carbohydrate isomerism is correct?

<p>Carbohydrates can exhibit aldose-ketose isomerism, D- and L-forms, and pyranose and furanose ring structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of chitin?

<p>N-acetylglucosamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is recommended for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis?

<p>Chondroitin sulfate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form is chitin primarily found in crustaceans and insects?

<p>β(1-&gt;4) glycosidic bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide polymer acts as an anticoagulant?

<p>Heparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide provides lubrication and shock absorption in joints and connective tissues?

<p>Hyaluronic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of chondroitin 6-sulphate?

<p>N-acetylgalactosamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?

<p>Aldoses have the carbonyl group on the first carbon atom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

<p>Fructose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms and contains an aldehyde functional group, what is it classified as?

<p>Aldotetrose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate classification is correct?

<p>Monosaccharides are single sugar units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides is correct?

<p>Homopolysaccharides consist of the same monosaccharides, while heteropolysaccharides consist of different monosaccharides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is represented by the straight-chain structure shown below?

Hâ‚‚C=O | H-C-OH | Hâ‚‚C-OH

<p>Glyceraldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde that makes them stereoisomers?

<p>They have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-mannose?

<p>They are diastereomers that differ in configuration at C-2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?

<p>They are epimers that differ in configuration at C-4. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural difference between pyranoses and furanoses?

<p>Pyranoses have six-membered rings, while furanoses have five-membered rings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key role of glucose in human metabolism?

<p>Regulation of blood glucose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of diastereomers that distinguishes them from enantiomers?

<p>Diastereomers have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space, while enantiomers are mirror images of each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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