30 Questions
What is the general empirical formula of carbohydrates?
$C_n(H_2O)_n$
If a carbohydrate has 5 carbon atoms, what would be its molecular formula?
$C_5H_{10}O_5$
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of macromolecules?
Steroids
What is the most important simple carbohydrate in human metabolism according to the text?
Glucose
What is the role of carbohydrates according to the text?
All of the above
How are monosaccharides classified according to the text?
By the number of carbon atoms and the characteristic carbonyl group
What is the meaning of the prefixes tri-, tetr-, pent- in the context of monosaccharides?
They indicate the number of carbon atoms in the monosaccharide ring structure.
Which of the following statements about the linear and cyclic forms of monosaccharides is correct?
Pentoses and hexoses tend to form cyclic structures to improve stability.
What is the significance of the presence of asymmetric (chiral) carbon atoms in monosaccharides?
It allows for the formation of different stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and epimers.
Which of the following monosaccharides has no chiral carbon atoms?
Dihydroxyacetone
What is the significance of glyceraldehyde as a reference molecule in the context of monosaccharides?
Glyceraldehyde is the simplest monosaccharide and is used as a standard reference.
Which of the following statements about the classifications of carbohydrate isomerism is correct?
Carbohydrates can exhibit aldose-ketose isomerism, D- and L-forms, and pyranose and furanose ring structures.
What is the main component of chitin?
N-acetylglucosamine
Which polysaccharide is recommended for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis?
Chondroitin sulfate
In what form is chitin primarily found in crustaceans and insects?
β(1->4) glycosidic bonds
Which polysaccharide polymer acts as an anticoagulant?
Heparin
Which polysaccharide provides lubrication and shock absorption in joints and connective tissues?
Hyaluronic acid
What is the main component of chondroitin 6-sulphate?
N-acetylgalactosamine
Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?
Aldoses have the carbonyl group on the first carbon atom.
Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?
Fructose
If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms and contains an aldehyde functional group, what is it classified as?
Aldotetrose
Which of the following statements about carbohydrate classification is correct?
Monosaccharides are single sugar units.
Which of the following statements about homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides is correct?
Homopolysaccharides consist of the same monosaccharides, while heteropolysaccharides consist of different monosaccharides.
Which of the following monosaccharides is represented by the straight-chain structure shown below?
H₂C=O | H-C-OH | H₂C-OH
Glyceraldehyde
What is the property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde that makes them stereoisomers?
They have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.
What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-mannose?
They are diastereomers that differ in configuration at C-2.
What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?
They are epimers that differ in configuration at C-4.
What is the structural difference between pyranoses and furanoses?
Pyranoses have six-membered rings, while furanoses have five-membered rings.
Which of the following is a key role of glucose in human metabolism?
Regulation of blood glucose.
What is the property of diastereomers that distinguishes them from enantiomers?
Diastereomers have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space, while enantiomers are mirror images of each other.
Learn about the structure of carbohydrates as macromolecules and their role as the primary source of energy for the body. Explore the polymerization process of carbohydrates and their significance in providing energy to living organisms.
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