Carbohydrate Structure: Macromolecules and Energy Source
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Questions and Answers

What is the general empirical formula of carbohydrates?

  • $C_n(H_2O)_{n-1}$
  • $C_n(H_2O)_{2n}$
  • $C_n(H_2O)_n$ (correct)
  • $C_n(H_2O)_{n+1}$

    • If a carbohydrate has 5 carbon atoms, what would be its molecular formula?

  • $C_5H_{10}O_5$ (correct)
  • $C_5H_{10}O_4$
  • $C_5H_{12}O_6$
  • $C_5H_{12}O_5$

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of macromolecules?

  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Steroids (correct)

    • What is the most important simple carbohydrate in human metabolism according to the text?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbohydrates according to the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monosaccharides classified according to the text?

    <p>By the number of carbon atoms and the characteristic carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the prefixes tri-, tetr-, pent- in the context of monosaccharides?

    <p>They indicate the number of carbon atoms in the monosaccharide ring structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the linear and cyclic forms of monosaccharides is correct?

    <p>Pentoses and hexoses tend to form cyclic structures to improve stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the presence of asymmetric (chiral) carbon atoms in monosaccharides?

    <p>It allows for the formation of different stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and epimers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following monosaccharides has no chiral carbon atoms?

    <p>Dihydroxyacetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of glyceraldehyde as a reference molecule in the context of monosaccharides?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde is the simplest monosaccharide and is used as a standard reference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the classifications of carbohydrate isomerism is correct?

    <p>Carbohydrates can exhibit aldose-ketose isomerism, D- and L-forms, and pyranose and furanose ring structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of chitin?

    <p>N-acetylglucosamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is recommended for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Chondroitin sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is chitin primarily found in crustaceans and insects?

    <p>β(1-&gt;4) glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide polymer acts as an anticoagulant?

    <p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide provides lubrication and shock absorption in joints and connective tissues?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of chondroitin 6-sulphate?

    <p>N-acetylgalactosamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?

    <p>Aldoses have the carbonyl group on the first carbon atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms and contains an aldehyde functional group, what is it classified as?

    <p>Aldotetrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about carbohydrate classification is correct?

    <p>Monosaccharides are single sugar units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides is correct?

    <p>Homopolysaccharides consist of the same monosaccharides, while heteropolysaccharides consist of different monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following monosaccharides is represented by the straight-chain structure shown below?

    H₂C=O | H-C-OH | H₂C-OH

    <p>Glyceraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde that makes them stereoisomers?

    <p>They have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-mannose?

    <p>They are diastereomers that differ in configuration at C-2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?

    <p>They are epimers that differ in configuration at C-4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural difference between pyranoses and furanoses?

    <p>Pyranoses have six-membered rings, while furanoses have five-membered rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key role of glucose in human metabolism?

    <p>Regulation of blood glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of diastereomers that distinguishes them from enantiomers?

    <p>Diastereomers have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space, while enantiomers are mirror images of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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