19 Questions
Which group of individuals played an important role in the rise of positivism in criminology?
French-Belgian statisticians
What term is used to describe the statistical calculations required to identify the rules and laws that governed human society?
Social mechanics
Who developed the concept of the 'average man'?
Adolphe Quetelet
According to the theory of phrenology, criminal behavior was believed to be caused by
a physical abnormality in the skull
Phrenology advocated for
rehabilitation
The concept of degeneracy was used to explain
criminality, poverty, and disability
Cesare Lombroso is associated with the origins of
the positive school of criminology
According to Lombroso, criminals were distinct from noncriminals due to which of the following?
Abnormal physical and psychological characteristics
What did Lombroso theorize about criminals?
They were a less evolved and more primitive species
What did Lombroso refer to individuals with physical, psychological, and functional anomalies as?
Born criminals
What did Lombroso advocate for in regards to born criminals?
Their incapacitation and, in extreme instances, death
Who believed that body type was hereditary and corresponded to differences in personality?
Sheldon
Which field of study began to dominate criminology in the early decades of the twentieth century?
Sociology
What did Hooten continue to advocate for on the grounds of preventing criminality?
Eugenics
What did Sheldon's somatotyping theory assert?
Body type influenced criminal behavior
According to the text, who first applied scientific methods to formulate explanations of crime?
Benjamin Rush
What is the main difference between Pinel's and Rush's concepts of mental derangement?
Pinel focused on the medical causes of insanity, while Rush focused on moral functioning.
What was the main goal of early psychiatrists in addressing criminal behavior?
Individualization of treatment
What is phrenology?
The theory that different areas of the skull correspond to different personality, behavioral, or mental functions.
Test your knowledge on phrenology and its role in explaining criminal behavior and character changes. Learn about Phineas Gage's brain injury and its impact on his personality. Explore the theory behind the overdevelopment of the skull region responsible for "destructiveness."
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