30 Questions
What did Cesare Lombroso propose about criminals?
Criminals have distinctive physical features that resemble apelike ancestors.
According to some studies, what is a characteristic of criminals?
They produce large amounts of thyroxin, thymus and adrenalin hormones.
What does the Contemporary Trait theory suggest about criminal behaviour?
It is inherited or caused by neurological problems or blood chemistry disorders.
What is a characteristic of the Psychodynamic trait theory?
It posits that every individual has three systems which interact and form our personality.
According to the Psychodynamic trait theory, what is a characteristic of criminals?
They have a damaged ego that allows the id to take over.
What can be a way to reform the biological and psychological aspects of criminal behaviour?
Legislation and policy changes.
What is a key determinant of criminal behavior according to sociological theory?
Social status within an institution
According to social structure theory, what are the three conditions that influence crime rates?
Unemployment, school funding, and socioeconomic status
What is a key factor that affects eyewitness testimony according to psychological theory?
Age and vision of the witness
What is the purpose of the retrieval test in eyewitness testimony?
To determine the length of time and recall time
According to psychological theory, what is a factor that affects the retention of eyewitness testimony?
The duration of the event
What is an important consideration in the interviewing process according to psychological theory?
The timing of the interview session
What is the primary distinction between open-ended questions and closed or specific questions in the context of line of questioning?
Open-ended questions allow for more flexibility in responses, while closed questions limit the response options.
According to Marxist theory, which of the following conditions may lead to crime within the police service?
Unproportional allocation of emoluments and benefits.
Which of the following actors, according to Rational Choice theory, is driven by uncontrollable urges to commit crimes?
Predestined Actor.
What is the primary purpose of post-identification feedback in the context of lineups?
To provide feedback to the lineup administrator and other witnesses.
According to Rational Choice theory, which of the following can reduce crime?
Stringent punishment for criminal behavior.
What is the role of the commissioner and chief superintendent in the police service, according to Marxist theory?
They are the bourgeoisie, owning the means of production and exploiting the proletariat.
What type of non-verbal communication conveys meaning through facial expressions?
A glance or a stare
What is the primary goal of persuasion efforts?
To change others' attitudes through various messages
Which type of processing involves the use of simple rules of thumb or mental shortcuts?
Heuristic processing
What is the term for the theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change?
Elaboration likelihood model
What is an example of a barrier to communication due to language?
Jargon
What is the central route to persuasion characterized by?
Motivation to pay attention to the arguments
Which sociological theory suggests that crime occurs due to the lack of clear cut punitive measures and the presence of social control mechanisms?
Sociological theory
What is the primary factor that influences an individual's criminal behavior according to the Social Structural theory?
Social status within an institution
According to the Psychological theory, what is the primary source of influence on an individual's behavior?
Past experiences and childhood events
Which theory suggests that individuals learn criminal behavior by imitating their superiors or mentors?
Social Learning Perspective
What are the three systems that interact to form an individual's personality, according to the Psychodynamism trait theory?
Id, ego, and superego
Which theory suggests that individuals commit crimes when they face frustration in achieving their goals?
Conflict theory
Learn about the different theories and subtheories in criminology, including biological positivism and its key proponents, and how they attempt to explain criminal behavior.
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