Criminology Theories

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Questions and Answers

What did Cesare Lombroso propose about criminals?

  • Criminals have distinctive physical features that resemble apelike ancestors. (correct)
  • Criminals are more likely to be females than males.
  • Criminals are born with a specific personality trait.
  • Criminals have a higher level of intelligence than non-criminals.

According to some studies, what is a characteristic of criminals?

  • They have a higher level of sugar in their bodies.
  • They have a lower level of intelligence.
  • They have higher levels of calcium.
  • They produce large amounts of thyroxin, thymus and adrenalin hormones. (correct)

What does the Contemporary Trait theory suggest about criminal behaviour?

  • It is a result of poor upbringing.
  • It is solely caused by environmental factors.
  • It is a result of lack of education.
  • It is inherited or caused by neurological problems or blood chemistry disorders. (correct)

What is a characteristic of the Psychodynamic trait theory?

<p>It posits that every individual has three systems which interact and form our personality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Psychodynamic trait theory, what is a characteristic of criminals?

<p>They have a damaged ego that allows the id to take over. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a way to reform the biological and psychological aspects of criminal behaviour?

<p>Legislation and policy changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key determinant of criminal behavior according to sociological theory?

<p>Social status within an institution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to social structure theory, what are the three conditions that influence crime rates?

<p>Unemployment, school funding, and socioeconomic status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that affects eyewitness testimony according to psychological theory?

<p>Age and vision of the witness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the retrieval test in eyewitness testimony?

<p>To determine the length of time and recall time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to psychological theory, what is a factor that affects the retention of eyewitness testimony?

<p>The duration of the event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration in the interviewing process according to psychological theory?

<p>The timing of the interview session (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between open-ended questions and closed or specific questions in the context of line of questioning?

<p>Open-ended questions allow for more flexibility in responses, while closed questions limit the response options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Marxist theory, which of the following conditions may lead to crime within the police service?

<p>Unproportional allocation of emoluments and benefits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actors, according to Rational Choice theory, is driven by uncontrollable urges to commit crimes?

<p>Predestined Actor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of post-identification feedback in the context of lineups?

<p>To provide feedback to the lineup administrator and other witnesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rational Choice theory, which of the following can reduce crime?

<p>Stringent punishment for criminal behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the commissioner and chief superintendent in the police service, according to Marxist theory?

<p>They are the bourgeoisie, owning the means of production and exploiting the proletariat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of non-verbal communication conveys meaning through facial expressions?

<p>A glance or a stare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of persuasion efforts?

<p>To change others' attitudes through various messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of processing involves the use of simple rules of thumb or mental shortcuts?

<p>Heuristic processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change?

<p>Elaboration likelihood model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a barrier to communication due to language?

<p>Jargon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central route to persuasion characterized by?

<p>Motivation to pay attention to the arguments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological theory suggests that crime occurs due to the lack of clear cut punitive measures and the presence of social control mechanisms?

<p>Sociological theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences an individual's criminal behavior according to the Social Structural theory?

<p>Social status within an institution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Psychological theory, what is the primary source of influence on an individual's behavior?

<p>Past experiences and childhood events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that individuals learn criminal behavior by imitating their superiors or mentors?

<p>Social Learning Perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three systems that interact to form an individual's personality, according to the Psychodynamism trait theory?

<p>Id, ego, and superego (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that individuals commit crimes when they face frustration in achieving their goals?

<p>Conflict theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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