Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the primary products of photosynthesis?
What are the primary products of photosynthesis?
- Carbon dioxide and glucose
- Glucose and nitrogen
- Oxygen and water
- Oxygen and glucose (correct)
Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plants?
Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plants?
- In the cell membrane
- In the cytoplasm
- In the mitochondria
- In the chloroplasts (correct)
What is the role of chlorophyll in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the role of chlorophyll in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
- To bind with CO2
- To absorb solar energy (correct)
- To release oxygen
- To generate glucose directly
Which of the following factors increases the rate of photosynthesis?
Which of the following factors increases the rate of photosynthesis?
What type of plants primarily use C3 photosynthesis?
What type of plants primarily use C3 photosynthesis?
Which compound is involved in carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle?
Which compound is involved in carbon fixation during the Calvin Cycle?
What occurs when temperatures are very high in relation to photosynthesis?
What occurs when temperatures are very high in relation to photosynthesis?
What is the main result of the stomates closing on a hot, sunny day for C3 plants?
What is the main result of the stomates closing on a hot, sunny day for C3 plants?
What is the primary reason why heterotrophs cannot perform photosynthesis?
What is the primary reason why heterotrophs cannot perform photosynthesis?
In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
Which of the following is characteristic of the C4 photosynthetic pathway?
Which of the following is characteristic of the C4 photosynthetic pathway?
What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the output of anaerobic respiration in plants?
What is the output of anaerobic respiration in plants?
Flashcards
C3 Photosynthesis
C3 Photosynthesis
A photosynthetic pathway used by most plants (approx. 90%). It occurs under moderate light intensity and temperature. CO2 is used to generate a 3-carbon compound.
C4 Photosynthesis
C4 Photosynthesis
A photosynthetic pathway that occurs in warmer and drier conditions. CO2 is first attached to a 3-carbon molecule forming a 4-carbon molecule (OAA/oxaloacetic acid).
CAM Photosynthesis
CAM Photosynthesis
A photosynthetic pathway used by plants in very hot and dry conditions. Stomata open at night to reduce water loss, taking CO2 and storing it as an acid to use in the daytime.
Light Compensation Point
Light Compensation Point
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Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
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Respiration
Respiration
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Autotroph
Autotroph
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Heterotroph
Heterotroph
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Chloroplast
Chloroplast
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Light-dependent reactions
Light-dependent reactions
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Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
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Factors affecting photosynthesis
Factors affecting photosynthesis
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis & Respiration
- Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.
- Respiration occurs in mitochondria.
Autotrophs
- Self-feeders.
- Use CO2 as their main source of carbon.
- Perform photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs
- Cannot make their own food.
- Consume other organisms for carbon.
Chloroplast
- Contains thylakoids and stroma.
What is Photosynthesis?
- Converting light energy to chemical energy.
- Form of reduced carbon compounds.
- Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, Light; Products: Glucose, oxygen).
Light Dependent Reactions
- Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy.
- Energy is captured as ATP.
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Rate
- Light Quality (Wavelength): Plants use pigments like chlorophyll to capture light energy, chlorophyll a captures most energy, chlorophyll b and carotenoids also capture light.
- Light Intensity (PPF): More intense light increases photosynthetic activity.
- CO2 Concentration: Higher CO2 levels lead to faster photosynthesis.
- Temperature: High temperatures lead to stomata closing to conserve water and reduce photosynthesis rate.
- Water Availability: Water is needed for photosynthesis.
Plant Development Affecting Photosynthesis rates
- The growth of a plant affects the rate of photosynthesis, both in single leaves and in the total leaf canopy.
- Source leaves are mature leaves
- Sink leaves are juvenile leaves
- Other sinks are roots, fruits, seeds, stems
Plant Photosynthetic Mechanisms
- C3: 90% of plants, moderate light and temperature
- C4: Warmer and drier conditions (e.g., corn, sugarcane, sorghum)
- CAM: Warmer and drier conditions (e.g., desert plants, orchids, pineapple, jade plant). CAM plants open their stomates at night to take in CO2.
Respiration
- Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
- Includes glycolysis (breaking down glucose in the cytoplasm), Krebs cycle (completing oxidation in mitochondria), and electron transport (cyclic reactions occurring in cristae of the mitochondria).
- Light compensation point is where photosynthesis and respiration rates are equal.
- Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs when oxygen is lacking, producing ethanol in plants or lactic acids in animals.
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