Photosynthesis & Respiration Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.

What is an autotroph?

An organism that makes its own food.

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that cannot make its own food.

What is chlorophyll?

The main pigment in photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is glucose?

An important sugar (C6H12O6). Signup and view all the answers

How do living things get energy from the sun?

By eating autotrophs or heterotrophs. Signup and view all the answers

What are food chains?

A series of events in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. Signup and view all the answers

What are food webs?

The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships among various organisms in an ecosystem. Signup and view all the answers

What is a producer?

An autotroph, an organism that makes its own food. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consumer?

A heterotroph, an organism that cannot make its own food. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during photosynthesis?

Sunlight is captured, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen, sugars are produced. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water (H₂O) during photosynthesis?

The water is split into hydrogen and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the waste products generated during photosynthesis?

Oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the usable products generated during photosynthesis?

Hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) result in energy?

They react to create sugar, which is then used for energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (6O2). Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular respiration?

The process in which cells obtain energy from glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is fermentation?

An energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cellular respiration?

Cells break down glucose using oxygen and release energy. Signup and view all the answers

Where in the cell does cellular respiration occur?

Cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during fermentation?

Cells release energy from food without using oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Occurs in yeast and other single-celled organisms, producing alcohol, carbon dioxide, and energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Breaks down glucose without using oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis captures sunlight energy to create food.
Autotrophs are organisms that synthesize their own food, primarily through photosynthesis.
Key pigment in photosynthesis is chlorophyll, responsible for absorbing sunlight.
The crucial sugar produced during photosynthesis is glucose (C6H12O6).
Photosynthesis involves two main steps: splitting water and producing sugars.
During photosynthesis, water is divided into hydrogen and oxygen, with the oxygen released as waste.
Chemical equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
End products are glucose and oxygen used by living organisms.

Energy Acquisition by Living Organisms

Autotrophs create energy directly from sunlight, while heterotrophs derive energy by consuming other organisms.
Heterotrophs include consumers that rely on autotrophs or other heterotrophs for food.
Food chains illustrate the flow of energy in ecosystems, highlighting the relationships between various organisms.
Food webs represent the interconnected feeding relationships among different species in an ecosystem.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process where cells extract energy from glucose.
Requires oxygen for aerobic respiration, breaking down glucose to release energy.
Takes place in the cytoplasm of cells.
Chemical equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
Major products include carbon dioxide, water, and energy for cellular functions.

Fermentation

Fermentation is an alternative energy-releasing process that occurs without oxygen.
Alcoholic fermentation happens in yeast, resulting in the production of alcohol, carbon dioxide, and minimal energy.
Lactic acid fermentation breaks down glucose without oxygen, occurring in certain microorganisms and muscle cells during intense exercise.

Product Overview

Waste products of photosynthesis include oxygen, while usable products include hydrogen.
Energy generated from the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide leads to sugar production, essential for the energy needs of organisms.