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What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Oxygen is a raw material needed for photosynthesis.
Oxygen is a raw material needed for photosynthesis.
False
What are the two raw materials required for photosynthesis?
What are the two raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis is defined as the process by which plants manufacture _______ from raw materials using energy from light.
Photosynthesis is defined as the process by which plants manufacture _______ from raw materials using energy from light.
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Which process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?
Which process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?
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Match the following aspects of photosynthesis with their correct descriptions:
Match the following aspects of photosynthesis with their correct descriptions:
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Light energy is considered a raw material in the photosynthesis process.
Light energy is considered a raw material in the photosynthesis process.
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What is produced as a waste product during photosynthesis?
What is produced as a waste product during photosynthesis?
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What role does chlorophyll play in plants?
What role does chlorophyll play in plants?
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Photosynthesis can occur without chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis can occur without chlorophyll.
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Name one product of photosynthesis that can be used as an energy store.
Name one product of photosynthesis that can be used as an energy store.
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Chlorophyll gives plants their characteristic _____ color.
Chlorophyll gives plants their characteristic _____ color.
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Which of the following is NOT a use of carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis?
Which of the following is NOT a use of carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis?
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Match the carbohydrate use with its description:
Match the carbohydrate use with its description:
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What can glucose be converted into for transport in plants?
What can glucose be converted into for transport in plants?
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Plants can convert carbohydrates into amino acids when combined with nitrogen.
Plants can convert carbohydrates into amino acids when combined with nitrogen.
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Which of the following elements is NOT typically found in carbohydrates?
Which of the following elements is NOT typically found in carbohydrates?
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Plants can obtain mineral ions from the air.
Plants can obtain mineral ions from the air.
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Name one mineral that is contained in chlorophyll.
Name one mineral that is contained in chlorophyll.
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Plants require __________ from the soil to photosynthesize and grow properly.
Plants require __________ from the soil to photosynthesize and grow properly.
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Match the mineral deficiencies with their associated plant ailments:
Match the mineral deficiencies with their associated plant ailments:
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What is the role of root hair cells in plants?
What is the role of root hair cells in plants?
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Glucose produced in photosynthesis can be directly tested for in leaves.
Glucose produced in photosynthesis can be directly tested for in leaves.
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What substance do plants store glucose as?
What substance do plants store glucose as?
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What gas do plants take in during aerobic respiration?
What gas do plants take in during aerobic respiration?
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Plants do not respire at night.
Plants do not respire at night.
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What is the purpose of hydrogencarbonate indicator in experiments examining gas exchange?
What is the purpose of hydrogencarbonate indicator in experiments examining gas exchange?
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During the day, plants photosynthesise more than they __________.
During the day, plants photosynthesise more than they __________.
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What happens to gas exchange in plants during the night?
What happens to gas exchange in plants during the night?
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Match the following processes in plants with their gas exchange outcomes:
Match the following processes in plants with their gas exchange outcomes:
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Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes color based on the concentration of carbon dioxide in water.
Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes color based on the concentration of carbon dioxide in water.
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Carbon dioxide is an __________ gas when dissolved in water.
Carbon dioxide is an __________ gas when dissolved in water.
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What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?
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The concentration of carbon dioxide has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
The concentration of carbon dioxide has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
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Name one factor that could limit the rate of photosynthesis when the line on the graph is horizontal.
Name one factor that could limit the rate of photosynthesis when the line on the graph is horizontal.
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The more light a plant receives, the __________ the rate of photosynthesis.
The more light a plant receives, the __________ the rate of photosynthesis.
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At what point does increasing light intensity stop increasing the rate of photosynthesis?
At what point does increasing light intensity stop increasing the rate of photosynthesis?
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Increasing carbon dioxide concentration will always lead to an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration will always lead to an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
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What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis?
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis?
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Match the following factors with their effects on photosynthesis:
Match the following factors with their effects on photosynthesis:
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What could limit the rate of photosynthesis when the graph is horizontal?
What could limit the rate of photosynthesis when the graph is horizontal?
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The primary pathway of carbon dioxide diffusion into photosynthesising cells is through stomata.
The primary pathway of carbon dioxide diffusion into photosynthesising cells is through stomata.
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What are the two factors mentioned that can limit the rate of photosynthesis when the line on the graph is horizontal?
What are the two factors mentioned that can limit the rate of photosynthesis when the line on the graph is horizontal?
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Carbon dioxide travels from the ______ to the chloroplasts in the leaf.
Carbon dioxide travels from the ______ to the chloroplasts in the leaf.
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Match the following components of leaf structure with their functions:
Match the following components of leaf structure with their functions:
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If light intensity is increasing and the rate of photosynthesis is also increasing, which factor is limiting?
If light intensity is increasing and the rate of photosynthesis is also increasing, which factor is limiting?
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The distance carbon dioxide must travel is shorter in thicker leaves than in thinner leaves.
The distance carbon dioxide must travel is shorter in thicker leaves than in thinner leaves.
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Explain the importance of the horizontal section of the photosynthesis rate graph.
Explain the importance of the horizontal section of the photosynthesis rate graph.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using light energy.
- Raw materials: carbon dioxide and water
- Product: glucose (carbohydrate) and oxygen
- Light acts as the energy source, with chlorophyll capturing light energy.
- The process is summed up by the following equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Chlorophyll
- Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts within plant cells.
- Chlorophyll reflects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color.
- Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
- Photosynthesis does not occur without chlorophyll.
Use & Storage of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis are used in various ways.
- Starch: an effective energy store
- Cellulose: to build cell walls
- Sucrose: for transport in the phloem.
- Glucose: for respiration to provide energy.
- Nectar: to attract insects for pollination.
- Lipids: used for energy storage in seeds.
- Amino acids: to build proteins.
Minerals in Plants
- Plants require minerals for the synthesis of various molecules, like chlorophyll.
- Magnesium is essential for chlorophyll production.
- Nitrate is crucial to produce amino acids, which are used to create proteins.
- Deficiency of minerals can lead to various symptoms, like yellowing or stunted growth.
Investigating the Need for Chlorophyll, Light & Carbon Dioxide
- Leaves are tested for starch to determine the areas where photosynthesis has occurred.
- A leaf is boiled in water to kill the cells and break down cell membranes, then in ethanol to remove chlorophyll.
- Dipping the leaf in iodine solution, any area containing starch will turn blue-black, indicating photosynthesis.
- Variegated leaves (partially colored) can also be used to investigate whether chlorophyll is needed in photosynthesis.
Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis
- The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting the number of oxygen bubbles produced over a minute.
- A more precise method is to collect the oxygen in a test tube over a longer period.
- The practical can be used to investigate factors influencing rates, such as light intensity and temperature.
Investigating Gas Exchange
- Plants continuously respire, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Photosynthesis occurs during daylight hours, involving carbon dioxide intake and oxygen release.
- Respiration continues at night.
Photosynthesis and Respiration
- During the day, photosynthesis often outweighs respiration in plants.
- Hydrogencarbonate indicator can be used to observe the net gas exchange in aquatic plants.
Limiting Factors
- Factors which may limit or slow down photosynthesis, if one factor is in short supply.
- These factors include temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration.
- Enzymes control the speed of photosynthesis.
- Temperature affects the rate until it reaches the point of enzyme denaturing.
- At lower light intensities, increasing the intensity will initially increase rate
- If one or more conditions are not optimal, photosynthesis occurs at a decreased rate.
Leaf Structure and Adaptations for Photosynthesis
- Leaves have a layered structure for efficient photosynthesis.
- Waxy cuticle protects the leaf by preventing water evaporation.
- Upper epidermis is thin and transparent, allowing light to penetrate.
- Palisade mesophyll cells are packed with chloroplasts for maximizing light absorption.
- Spongy mesophyll has air spaces for gas exchange.
- Lower epidermis contains stomata for gas exchange.
- Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing.
- Veins (Vascular Bundles): composed of xylem and phloem transports water and nutrients around the leaf.
Identifying Leaf Structures in a Dicotyledonous Plant
- Common structures in a dicotyledonous leaf: chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells, stomata, upper/lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles, air spaces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process of photosynthesis with this quiz designed for 10th class students. Explore the roles of chlorophyll, the raw materials needed, and the products generated during this essential biological process. Challenge yourself with matching questions and true or false statements related to photosynthesis.
