Photosynthesis Quiz 10th Class

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water as raw materials, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, primarily in the red and blue wavelengths, for photosynthesis.

The primary product of photosynthesis, serving as an energy source and building block for other vital molecules in plants.

The chemical reaction that summarizes photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of light energy and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen.

The process of taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, primarily through tiny openings called stomata on leaves.

Factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis, such as light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

The structure of a leaf, featuring the epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles, and stomata, all facilitating photosynthesis and gas exchange.

The process by which plants take up essential minerals from the soil through their roots, using them for growth and other functions.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts within plant cells, responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll reflects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color.

Chlorophyll's primary role is to transfer light energy into chemical energy, which is used for the synthesis of carbohydrates like glucose.

Photosynthesis, the process by which plants make food, cannot occur without chlorophyll.

Plants use carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis for several purposes, including energy storage (starch), cell wall building (cellulose), and transporting sugars (sucrose).

Glucose, a product of photosynthesis, can be used directly for energy through respiration.

Plants can also use carbohydrates to produce lipids (energy reserves in seeds) and amino acids (building blocks of proteins) when combined with nitrogen and other minerals.

Plants convert carbohydrates into nectar to attract insects for pollination, an essential process for plant reproduction.

Plants require mineral ions from the soil to create essential biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that plants absorb from the soil.

Chlorophyll, a pigment essential for photosynthesis, requires magnesium and nitrogen for its formation. This is why magnesium deficiency results in yellowing leaves.

Nitrogen is crucial for building proteins, which are essential for plant growth and development. Therefore, nitrogen deficiency leads to stunted growth and pale leaves.

Starch is a storage form of glucose in plants. Testing for starch in leaves can indicate which parts have been photosynthesizing.

Root hairs are tiny extensions of root cells that increase the surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.

Plants absorb minerals through active transport, which requires energy to move these molecules against their concentration gradient from the soil into the root cells.

Plants obtain minerals in the form of mineral ions. These ions are dissolved in water and absorbed through root hairs.

The process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy, consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide as byproducts.

The difference between the rate of photosynthesis and respiration in a plant.

The process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis, exceeding the amount of oxygen taken in and carbon dioxide released during respiration.

A chemical indicator that changes color based on the concentration of carbon dioxide in a solution. It is used to investigate gas exchange in plants.

In aquatic plants, an experiment that uses hydrogencarbonate indicator to observe the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the surrounding water. This change reflects the net gas exchange of the plant.

The color of hydrogencarbonate indicator in a solution with a high concentration of CO2.

The color of hydrogencarbonate indicator in a solution with a low concentration of CO2.

The rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor represented on the X-axis when the line on the graph is going up. When the line is flat, another factor limits the rate, like light, temperature, or carbon dioxide.

The layer of cells in a leaf where most photosynthesis occurs. It's packed with chloroplasts, absorbing plenty of sunlight.

This layer under the palisade mesophyll is looser, with air spaces for gas exchange - allowing carbon dioxide to reach cells.

Tiny openings on leaves that allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and exit - crucial for photosynthesis.

The journey of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the chloroplast involves several steps - diffusion through air spaces, leaf cells, and eventually into the chloroplast.

A clear, protective outer layer on the leaf, allowing light to penetrate and shielding the inner cells.

The lower epidermis of a leaf also has stomata, which can open and close to regulate gas exchange.

These structures in a leaf are responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity until a point is reached where the rate plateaus. This plateau occurs because another factor, such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration, becomes the limiting factor.

At low light intensities, increasing the intensity will initially increase the rate of photosynthesis. At a certain point, increasing the light intensity stops increasing the rate. The rate becomes constant regardless of how much light intensity increases as something else is limiting the rate.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment affects the rate of photosynthesis. More carbon dioxide leads to a faster rate, but eventually, another factor like light intensity or temperature becomes the limiting factor.

Photosynthesis is affected by temperature. There is an optimal temperature range for the process. At lower temperatures, the rate is slower, and at higher temperatures, the rate slows down due to enzyme denaturation, which is the breakdown of proteins.

A factor that is in short supply, preventing the rate of a process from increasing further.

When other factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis are present in ample amounts, and the rate is now governed only by one factor, which is the factor that is in short supply.

The rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the concentration of the limiting factor.